From b64661070ed15cefa12f34bf8e9dc7d4661fa8ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: fsantini Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 21:32:21 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Fixed the plane vector equation to a simpler one (only dependent on the normal) Removed the calculation of the inverse matrix since the rotation matrix is orthogonal, therefore inverted == transposed. Much simpler and mathematically robust. --- Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp | 5 ++- Marlin/planner.cpp | 2 +- Marlin/vector_3.cpp | 73 +++++++++++++++--------------------------- Marlin/vector_3.h | 4 +-- 4 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) diff --git a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp index 8993ca695..6c662e509 100644 --- a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp +++ b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp @@ -807,11 +807,11 @@ static void set_bed_level_equation(float z_at_xLeft_yFront, float z_at_xRight_yF vector_3 xPositive = (xRightyFront - xLeftyFront).get_normal(); vector_3 yPositive = (xLeftyBack - xLeftyFront).get_normal(); - vector_3 planeNormal = vector_3::cross(yPositive, xPositive).get_normal(); + vector_3 planeNormal = vector_3::cross(xPositive, yPositive).get_normal(); //planeNormal.debug("planeNormal"); //yPositive.debug("yPositive"); - matrix_3x3 bedLevel = matrix_3x3::create_look_at(planeNormal, yPositive); + plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_look_at(planeNormal); //bedLevel.debug("bedLevel"); //plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level before"); @@ -819,7 +819,6 @@ static void set_bed_level_equation(float z_at_xLeft_yFront, float z_at_xRight_yF //uncorrected_position.debug("position before"); // and set our bed level equation to do the right thing - plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_inverse(bedLevel); //plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level after"); vector_3 corrected_position = plan_get_position(); diff --git a/Marlin/planner.cpp b/Marlin/planner.cpp index 008c8d257..d9299c4a7 100644 --- a/Marlin/planner.cpp +++ b/Marlin/planner.cpp @@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ vector_3 plan_get_position() { //position.debug("in plan_get position"); //plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("in plan_get bed_level"); - matrix_3x3 inverse = matrix_3x3::create_inverse(plan_bed_level_matrix); + matrix_3x3 inverse = matrix_3x3::transpose(plan_bed_level_matrix); //inverse.debug("in plan_get inverse"); position.apply_rotation(inverse); //position.debug("after rotation"); diff --git a/Marlin/vector_3.cpp b/Marlin/vector_3.cpp index 8c8a0e1dc..c9f480323 100644 --- a/Marlin/vector_3.cpp +++ b/Marlin/vector_3.cpp @@ -127,57 +127,34 @@ void matrix_3x3::set_to_identity() matrix[6] = 0; matrix[7] = 0; matrix[8] = 1; } -matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::create_look_at(vector_3 target, vector_3 up) -{ - // There are lots of examples of look at code on the internet that don't do all these noramize and also find the position - // through several dot products. The problem with them is that they have a bit of error in that all the vectors arn't normal and need to be. - vector_3 z_row = vector_3(-target.x, -target.y, -target.z).get_normal(); - vector_3 x_row = vector_3::cross(up, z_row).get_normal(); - vector_3 y_row = vector_3::cross(z_row, x_row).get_normal(); - - //x_row.debug("x_row"); - //y_row.debug("y_row"); - //z_row.debug("z_row"); - - matrix_3x3 rot = matrix_3x3::create_from_rows(vector_3(x_row.x, y_row.x, z_row.x), - vector_3(x_row.y, y_row.y, z_row.y), - vector_3(x_row.z, y_row.z, z_row.z)); - - //rot.debug("rot"); +matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::create_look_at(vector_3 target) +{ + vector_3 z_row = vector_3(target.x, target.y, target.z).get_normal(); + vector_3 x_row = vector_3(1, 0, -target.x/target.z).get_normal(); + vector_3 y_row = vector_3(0, 1, -target.y/target.z).get_normal(); + + // x_row.debug("x_row"); + // y_row.debug("y_row"); + // z_row.debug("z_row"); + + + // create the matrix already correctly transposed + matrix_3x3 rot = matrix_3x3::create_from_rows(vector_3(x_row.x, x_row.y, x_row.z), + vector_3(y_row.x, y_row.y, y_row.z), + vector_3(z_row.x, z_row.y, z_row.z)); + + // rot.debug("rot"); return rot; } -matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::create_inverse(matrix_3x3 original) -{ - //original.debug("original"); - float* A = original.matrix; - float determinant = - + A[0 * 3 + 0] * (A[1 * 3 + 1] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[2 * 3 + 1] * A[1 * 3 + 2]) - - A[0 * 3 + 1] * (A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[1 * 3 + 2] * A[2 * 3 + 0]) - + A[0 * 3 + 2] * (A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 1] - A[1 * 3 + 1] * A[2 * 3 + 0]); - matrix_3x3 inverse; - inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 0] = +(A[1 * 3 + 1] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[2 * 3 + 1] * A[1 * 3 + 2]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 1] = -(A[0 * 3 + 1] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[0 * 3 + 2] * A[2 * 3 + 1]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 2] = +(A[0 * 3 + 1] * A[1 * 3 + 2] - A[0 * 3 + 2] * A[1 * 3 + 1]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 0] = -(A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[1 * 3 + 2] * A[2 * 3 + 0]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 1] = +(A[0 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 2] - A[0 * 3 + 2] * A[2 * 3 + 0]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 2] = -(A[0 * 3 + 0] * A[1 * 3 + 2] - A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[0 * 3 + 2]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 0] = +(A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 1] - A[2 * 3 + 0] * A[1 * 3 + 1]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 1] = -(A[0 * 3 + 0] * A[2 * 3 + 1] - A[2 * 3 + 0] * A[0 * 3 + 1]) / determinant; - inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 2] = +(A[0 * 3 + 0] * A[1 * 3 + 1] - A[1 * 3 + 0] * A[0 * 3 + 1]) / determinant; - - vector_3 row0 = vector_3(inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 0], inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 1], inverse.matrix[0 * 3 + 2]); - vector_3 row1 = vector_3(inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 0], inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 1], inverse.matrix[1 * 3 + 2]); - vector_3 row2 = vector_3(inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 0], inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 1], inverse.matrix[2 * 3 + 2]); - - row0.normalize(); - row1.normalize(); - row2.normalize(); - - inverse = matrix_3x3::create_from_rows(row0, row1, row2); - - //inverse.debug("inverse"); - return inverse; + +matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::transpose(matrix_3x3 original) +{ + matrix_3x3 new_matrix; + new_matrix.matrix[0] = original.matrix[0]; new_matrix.matrix[1] = original.matrix[3]; new_matrix.matrix[2] = original.matrix[6]; + new_matrix.matrix[3] = original.matrix[1]; new_matrix.matrix[4] = original.matrix[4]; new_matrix.matrix[5] = original.matrix[7]; + new_matrix.matrix[6] = original.matrix[2]; new_matrix.matrix[7] = original.matrix[5]; new_matrix.matrix[8] = original.matrix[8]; + return new_matrix; } void matrix_3x3::debug(char* title) diff --git a/Marlin/vector_3.h b/Marlin/vector_3.h index b08c336e8..0b9decafa 100644 --- a/Marlin/vector_3.h +++ b/Marlin/vector_3.h @@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ struct matrix_3x3 float matrix[9]; static matrix_3x3 create_from_rows(vector_3 row_0, vector_3 row_1, vector_3 row_2); - static matrix_3x3 create_look_at(vector_3 target, vector_3 up); - static matrix_3x3 create_inverse(matrix_3x3 original); + static matrix_3x3 create_look_at(vector_3 target); + static matrix_3x3 transpose(matrix_3x3 original); void set_to_identity(); From cc2925b70527728009a863c976017f0eeb42fe9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: fsantini Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 21:46:25 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Implemented a least squares fit of the bed equation for auto bed leveling. The code for the LSQ solver (qr_solve) is copyrighted by John Burkardt and released under LGPL here: http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~%20jburkardt/c_src/qr_solve/qr_solve.html (see qr_solve.cpp for further copyright information) --- Marlin/Configuration.h | 9 + Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp | 114 ++- Marlin/qr_solve.cpp | 1932 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Marlin/qr_solve.h | 22 + 4 files changed, 2075 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Marlin/qr_solve.cpp create mode 100644 Marlin/qr_solve.h diff --git a/Marlin/Configuration.h b/Marlin/Configuration.h index c5b96b280..8cb0a141c 100644 --- a/Marlin/Configuration.h +++ b/Marlin/Configuration.h @@ -366,6 +366,15 @@ const bool Z_MAX_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of #endif + // with accurate bed leveling, the bed is sampled in a ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTSxACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS grid and least squares solution is calculated + // Note: this feature occupies 10'206 byte + #define ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + + #ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + // I wouldn't see a reason to go above 3 (=9 probing points on the bed) + #define ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS 2 + #endif + #endif diff --git a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp index 6c662e509..db9686f3e 100644 --- a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp +++ b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp @@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ #ifdef ENABLE_AUTO_BED_LEVELING #include "vector_3.h" + #ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + #include "qr_solve.h" + #endif #endif // ENABLE_AUTO_BED_LEVELING #include "ultralcd.h" @@ -798,6 +801,35 @@ static void axis_is_at_home(int axis) { } #ifdef ENABLE_AUTO_BED_LEVELING +#ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING +static void set_bed_level_equation_lsq(double *plane_equation_coefficients) +{ + vector_3 planeNormal = vector_3(-plane_equation_coefficients[0], -plane_equation_coefficients[1], 1); + planeNormal.debug("planeNormal"); + plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_look_at(planeNormal); + //bedLevel.debug("bedLevel"); + + plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level before"); + //vector_3 uncorrected_position = plan_get_position_mm(); + //uncorrected_position.debug("position before"); + + // and set our bed level equation to do the right thing +// plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_inverse(bedLevel); +// plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level after"); + + vector_3 corrected_position = plan_get_position(); +// corrected_position.debug("position after"); + current_position[X_AXIS] = corrected_position.x; + current_position[Y_AXIS] = corrected_position.y; + current_position[Z_AXIS] = corrected_position.z; + + // but the bed at 0 so we don't go below it. + current_position[Z_AXIS] = -Z_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER; // in the lsq we reach here after raising the extruder due to the loop structure + + plan_set_position(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], current_position[Z_AXIS], current_position[E_AXIS]); +} + +#else static void set_bed_level_equation(float z_at_xLeft_yFront, float z_at_xRight_yFront, float z_at_xLeft_yBack) { plan_bed_level_matrix.set_to_identity(); @@ -832,6 +864,7 @@ static void set_bed_level_equation(float z_at_xLeft_yFront, float z_at_xRight_yF plan_set_position(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], current_position[Z_AXIS], current_position[E_AXIS]); } +#endif // ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING static void run_z_probe() { plan_bed_level_matrix.set_to_identity(); @@ -1320,7 +1353,82 @@ void process_commands() setup_for_endstop_move(); feedrate = homing_feedrate[Z_AXIS]; - +#ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + + int xGridSpacing = (RIGHT_PROBE_BED_POSITION - LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION) / (ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS-1); + int yGridSpacing = (BACK_PROBE_BED_POSITION - FRONT_PROBE_BED_POSITION) / (ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS-1); + + + // solve the plane equation ax + by + d = z + // A is the matrix with rows [x y 1] for all the probed points + // B is the vector of the Z positions + // the normal vector to the plane is formed by the coefficients of the plane equation in the standard form, which is Vx*x+Vy*y+Vz*z+d = 0 + // so Vx = -a Vy = -b Vz = 1 (we want the vector facing towards positive Z + + // "A" matrix of the linear system of equations + double eqnAMatrix[ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*3]; + // "B" vector of Z points + double eqnBVector[ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS]; + + + int probePointCounter = 0; + + for (int xProbe=LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; xProbe <= RIGHT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; xProbe += xGridSpacing) + { + for (int yProbe=FRONT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe <= BACK_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe += yGridSpacing) + { + if (probePointCounter == 0) + { + // raise before probing + do_blocking_move_to(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], Z_RAISE_BEFORE_PROBING); + } else + { + // raise extruder + do_blocking_move_to(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], current_position[Z_AXIS] + Z_RAISE_BETWEEN_PROBINGS); + } + + + do_blocking_move_to(xProbe - X_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER, yProbe - Y_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER, current_position[Z_AXIS]); + + engage_z_probe(); // Engage Z Servo endstop if available + run_z_probe(); + eqnBVector[probePointCounter] = current_position[Z_AXIS]; + retract_z_probe(); + + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM("Bed x: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOL(xProbe); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM(" y: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOL(yProbe); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM(" z: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOL(current_position[Z_AXIS]); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM("\n"); + + eqnAMatrix[probePointCounter + 0*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS] = xProbe; + eqnAMatrix[probePointCounter + 1*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS] = yProbe; + eqnAMatrix[probePointCounter + 2*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS] = 1; + probePointCounter++; + } + } + clean_up_after_endstop_move(); + + // solve lsq problem + double *plane_equation_coefficients = qr_solve(ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS, 3, eqnAMatrix, eqnBVector); + + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM("Eqn coefficients: a: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOL(plane_equation_coefficients[0]); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM(" b: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOL(plane_equation_coefficients[1]); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLPGM(" d: "); + SERIAL_PROTOCOLLN(plane_equation_coefficients[2]); + + + set_bed_level_equation_lsq(plane_equation_coefficients); + + free(plane_equation_coefficients); + +#else // ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING not defined + + // prob 1 do_blocking_move_to(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], Z_RAISE_BEFORE_PROBING); do_blocking_move_to(LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION - X_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER, BACK_PROBE_BED_POSITION - Y_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER, current_position[Z_AXIS]); @@ -1376,7 +1484,9 @@ void process_commands() clean_up_after_endstop_move(); set_bed_level_equation(z_at_xLeft_yFront, z_at_xRight_yFront, z_at_xLeft_yBack); - + + +#endif // ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING st_synchronize(); // The following code correct the Z height difference from z-probe position and hotend tip position. diff --git a/Marlin/qr_solve.cpp b/Marlin/qr_solve.cpp new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a491281c --- /dev/null +++ b/Marlin/qr_solve.cpp @@ -0,0 +1,1932 @@ +#include "qr_solve.h" + +#ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + +#include +#include +#include + + +//# include "r8lib.h" + +int i4_min ( int i1, int i2 ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + I4_MIN returns the smaller of two I4's. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 29 August 2006 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, int I1, I2, two integers to be compared. + + Output, int I4_MIN, the smaller of I1 and I2. +*/ +{ + int value; + + if ( i1 < i2 ) + { + value = i1; + } + else + { + value = i2; + } + return value; +} + +double r8_epsilon ( void ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8_EPSILON returns the R8 round off unit. + + Discussion: + + R8_EPSILON is a number R which is a power of 2 with the property that, + to the precision of the computer's arithmetic, + 1 < 1 + R + but + 1 = ( 1 + R / 2 ) + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 01 September 2012 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Output, double R8_EPSILON, the R8 round-off unit. +*/ +{ + const double value = 2.220446049250313E-016; + + return value; +} + +double r8_max ( double x, double y ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8_MAX returns the maximum of two R8's. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 07 May 2006 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, double X, Y, the quantities to compare. + + Output, double R8_MAX, the maximum of X and Y. +*/ +{ + double value; + + if ( y < x ) + { + value = x; + } + else + { + value = y; + } + return value; +} + +double r8_abs ( double x ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8_ABS returns the absolute value of an R8. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 07 May 2006 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, double X, the quantity whose absolute value is desired. + + Output, double R8_ABS, the absolute value of X. +*/ +{ + double value; + + if ( 0.0 <= x ) + { + value = + x; + } + else + { + value = - x; + } + return value; +} + +double r8_sign ( double x ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8_SIGN returns the sign of an R8. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 08 May 2006 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, double X, the number whose sign is desired. + + Output, double R8_SIGN, the sign of X. +*/ +{ + double value; + + if ( x < 0.0 ) + { + value = - 1.0; + } + else + { + value = + 1.0; + } + return value; +} + +double r8mat_amax ( int m, int n, double a[] ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8MAT_AMAX returns the maximum absolute value entry of an R8MAT. + + Discussion: + + An R8MAT is a doubly dimensioned array of R8 values, stored as a vector + in column-major order. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 07 September 2012 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, int M, the number of rows in A. + + Input, int N, the number of columns in A. + + Input, double A[M*N], the M by N matrix. + + Output, double R8MAT_AMAX, the maximum absolute value entry of A. +*/ +{ + int i; + int j; + double value; + + value = r8_abs ( a[0+0*m] ); + + for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) + { + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + if ( value < r8_abs ( a[i+j*m] ) ) + { + value = r8_abs ( a[i+j*m] ); + } + } + } + return value; +} + +double *r8mat_copy_new ( int m, int n, double a1[] ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + R8MAT_COPY_NEW copies one R8MAT to a "new" R8MAT. + + Discussion: + + An R8MAT is a doubly dimensioned array of R8 values, stored as a vector + in column-major order. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 26 July 2008 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, int M, N, the number of rows and columns. + + Input, double A1[M*N], the matrix to be copied. + + Output, double R8MAT_COPY_NEW[M*N], the copy of A1. +*/ +{ + double *a2; + int i; + int j; + + a2 = ( double * ) malloc ( m * n * sizeof ( double ) ); + + for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) + { + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + a2[i+j*m] = a1[i+j*m]; + } + } + + return a2; +} + +/******************************************************************************/ + +void daxpy ( int n, double da, double dx[], int incx, double dy[], int incy ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DAXPY computes constant times a vector plus a vector. + + Discussion: + + This routine uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 30 March 2007 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979. + + Charles Lawson, Richard Hanson, David Kincaid, Fred Krogh, + Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage, + Algorithm 539, + ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, + Volume 5, Number 3, September 1979, pages 308-323. + + Parameters: + + Input, int N, the number of elements in DX and DY. + + Input, double DA, the multiplier of DX. + + Input, double DX[*], the first vector. + + Input, int INCX, the increment between successive entries of DX. + + Input/output, double DY[*], the second vector. + On output, DY[*] has been replaced by DY[*] + DA * DX[*]. + + Input, int INCY, the increment between successive entries of DY. +*/ +{ + int i; + int ix; + int iy; + int m; + + if ( n <= 0 ) + { + return; + } + + if ( da == 0.0 ) + { + return; + } +/* + Code for unequal increments or equal increments + not equal to 1. +*/ + if ( incx != 1 || incy != 1 ) + { + if ( 0 <= incx ) + { + ix = 0; + } + else + { + ix = ( - n + 1 ) * incx; + } + + if ( 0 <= incy ) + { + iy = 0; + } + else + { + iy = ( - n + 1 ) * incy; + } + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + dy[iy] = dy[iy] + da * dx[ix]; + ix = ix + incx; + iy = iy + incy; + } + } +/* + Code for both increments equal to 1. +*/ + else + { + m = n % 4; + + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + dy[i] = dy[i] + da * dx[i]; + } + + for ( i = m; i < n; i = i + 4 ) + { + dy[i ] = dy[i ] + da * dx[i ]; + dy[i+1] = dy[i+1] + da * dx[i+1]; + dy[i+2] = dy[i+2] + da * dx[i+2]; + dy[i+3] = dy[i+3] + da * dx[i+3]; + } + } + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +double ddot ( int n, double dx[], int incx, double dy[], int incy ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DDOT forms the dot product of two vectors. + + Discussion: + + This routine uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 30 March 2007 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979. + + Charles Lawson, Richard Hanson, David Kincaid, Fred Krogh, + Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage, + Algorithm 539, + ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, + Volume 5, Number 3, September 1979, pages 308-323. + + Parameters: + + Input, int N, the number of entries in the vectors. + + Input, double DX[*], the first vector. + + Input, int INCX, the increment between successive entries in DX. + + Input, double DY[*], the second vector. + + Input, int INCY, the increment between successive entries in DY. + + Output, double DDOT, the sum of the product of the corresponding + entries of DX and DY. +*/ +{ + double dtemp; + int i; + int ix; + int iy; + int m; + + dtemp = 0.0; + + if ( n <= 0 ) + { + return dtemp; + } +/* + Code for unequal increments or equal increments + not equal to 1. +*/ + if ( incx != 1 || incy != 1 ) + { + if ( 0 <= incx ) + { + ix = 0; + } + else + { + ix = ( - n + 1 ) * incx; + } + + if ( 0 <= incy ) + { + iy = 0; + } + else + { + iy = ( - n + 1 ) * incy; + } + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + dtemp = dtemp + dx[ix] * dy[iy]; + ix = ix + incx; + iy = iy + incy; + } + } +/* + Code for both increments equal to 1. +*/ + else + { + m = n % 5; + + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + dtemp = dtemp + dx[i] * dy[i]; + } + + for ( i = m; i < n; i = i + 5 ) + { + dtemp = dtemp + dx[i ] * dy[i ] + + dx[i+1] * dy[i+1] + + dx[i+2] * dy[i+2] + + dx[i+3] * dy[i+3] + + dx[i+4] * dy[i+4]; + } + } + return dtemp; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +double dnrm2 ( int n, double x[], int incx ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DNRM2 returns the euclidean norm of a vector. + + Discussion: + + DNRM2 ( X ) = sqrt ( X' * X ) + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 30 March 2007 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979. + + Charles Lawson, Richard Hanson, David Kincaid, Fred Krogh, + Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage, + Algorithm 539, + ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, + Volume 5, Number 3, September 1979, pages 308-323. + + Parameters: + + Input, int N, the number of entries in the vector. + + Input, double X[*], the vector whose norm is to be computed. + + Input, int INCX, the increment between successive entries of X. + + Output, double DNRM2, the Euclidean norm of X. +*/ +{ + double absxi; + int i; + int ix; + double norm; + double scale; + double ssq; + double value; + + if ( n < 1 || incx < 1 ) + { + norm = 0.0; + } + else if ( n == 1 ) + { + norm = r8_abs ( x[0] ); + } + else + { + scale = 0.0; + ssq = 1.0; + ix = 0; + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + if ( x[ix] != 0.0 ) + { + absxi = r8_abs ( x[ix] ); + if ( scale < absxi ) + { + ssq = 1.0 + ssq * ( scale / absxi ) * ( scale / absxi ); + scale = absxi; + } + else + { + ssq = ssq + ( absxi / scale ) * ( absxi / scale ); + } + } + ix = ix + incx; + } + + norm = scale * sqrt ( ssq ); + } + + return norm; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +void dqrank ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, double tol, int *kr, + int jpvt[], double qraux[] ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DQRANK computes the QR factorization of a rectangular matrix. + + Discussion: + + This routine is used in conjunction with DQRLSS to solve + overdetermined, underdetermined and singular linear systems + in a least squares sense. + + DQRANK uses the LINPACK subroutine DQRDC to compute the QR + factorization, with column pivoting, of an M by N matrix A. + The numerical rank is determined using the tolerance TOL. + + Note that on output, ABS ( A(1,1) ) / ABS ( A(KR,KR) ) is an estimate + of the condition number of the matrix of independent columns, + and of R. This estimate will be <= 1/TOL. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 21 April 2012 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt. + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979, + ISBN13: 978-0-898711-72-1, + LC: QA214.L56. + + Parameters: + + Input/output, double A[LDA*N]. On input, the matrix whose + decomposition is to be computed. On output, the information from DQRDC. + The triangular matrix R of the QR factorization is contained in the + upper triangle and information needed to recover the orthogonal + matrix Q is stored below the diagonal in A and in the vector QRAUX. + + Input, int LDA, the leading dimension of A, which must + be at least M. + + Input, int M, the number of rows of A. + + Input, int N, the number of columns of A. + + Input, double TOL, a relative tolerance used to determine the + numerical rank. The problem should be scaled so that all the elements + of A have roughly the same absolute accuracy, EPS. Then a reasonable + value for TOL is roughly EPS divided by the magnitude of the largest + element. + + Output, int *KR, the numerical rank. + + Output, int JPVT[N], the pivot information from DQRDC. + Columns JPVT(1), ..., JPVT(KR) of the original matrix are linearly + independent to within the tolerance TOL and the remaining columns + are linearly dependent. + + Output, double QRAUX[N], will contain extra information defining + the QR factorization. +*/ +{ + int i; + int j; + int job; + int k; + double *work; + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + jpvt[i] = 0; + } + + work = ( double * ) malloc ( n * sizeof ( double ) ); + job = 1; + + dqrdc ( a, lda, m, n, qraux, jpvt, work, job ); + + *kr = 0; + k = i4_min ( m, n ); + + for ( j = 0; j < k; j++ ) + { + if ( r8_abs ( a[j+j*lda] ) <= tol * r8_abs ( a[0+0*lda] ) ) + { + return; + } + *kr = j + 1; + } + + free ( work ); + + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +void dqrdc ( double a[], int lda, int n, int p, double qraux[], int jpvt[], + double work[], int job ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DQRDC computes the QR factorization of a real rectangular matrix. + + Discussion: + + DQRDC uses Householder transformations. + + Column pivoting based on the 2-norms of the reduced columns may be + performed at the user's option. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 07 June 2005 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt. + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch and Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics), + 3600 University City Science Center, + Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2688. + ISBN 0-89871-172-X + + Parameters: + + Input/output, double A(LDA,P). On input, the N by P matrix + whose decomposition is to be computed. On output, A contains in + its upper triangle the upper triangular matrix R of the QR + factorization. Below its diagonal A contains information from + which the orthogonal part of the decomposition can be recovered. + Note that if pivoting has been requested, the decomposition is not that + of the original matrix A but that of A with its columns permuted + as described by JPVT. + + Input, int LDA, the leading dimension of the array A. LDA must + be at least N. + + Input, int N, the number of rows of the matrix A. + + Input, int P, the number of columns of the matrix A. + + Output, double QRAUX[P], contains further information required + to recover the orthogonal part of the decomposition. + + Input/output, integer JPVT[P]. On input, JPVT contains integers that + control the selection of the pivot columns. The K-th column A(*,K) of A + is placed in one of three classes according to the value of JPVT(K). + > 0, then A(K) is an initial column. + = 0, then A(K) is a free column. + < 0, then A(K) is a final column. + Before the decomposition is computed, initial columns are moved to + the beginning of the array A and final columns to the end. Both + initial and final columns are frozen in place during the computation + and only free columns are moved. At the K-th stage of the + reduction, if A(*,K) is occupied by a free column it is interchanged + with the free column of largest reduced norm. JPVT is not referenced + if JOB == 0. On output, JPVT(K) contains the index of the column of the + original matrix that has been interchanged into the K-th column, if + pivoting was requested. + + Workspace, double WORK[P]. WORK is not referenced if JOB == 0. + + Input, int JOB, initiates column pivoting. + 0, no pivoting is done. + nonzero, pivoting is done. +*/ +{ + int j; + int jp; + int l; + int lup; + int maxj; + double maxnrm; + double nrmxl; + int pl; + int pu; + int swapj; + double t; + double tt; + + pl = 1; + pu = 0; +/* + If pivoting is requested, rearrange the columns. +*/ + if ( job != 0 ) + { + for ( j = 1; j <= p; j++ ) + { + swapj = ( 0 < jpvt[j-1] ); + + if ( jpvt[j-1] < 0 ) + { + jpvt[j-1] = -j; + } + else + { + jpvt[j-1] = j; + } + + if ( swapj ) + { + if ( j != pl ) + { + dswap ( n, a+0+(pl-1)*lda, 1, a+0+(j-1), 1 ); + } + jpvt[j-1] = jpvt[pl-1]; + jpvt[pl-1] = j; + pl = pl + 1; + } + } + pu = p; + + for ( j = p; 1 <= j; j-- ) + { + if ( jpvt[j-1] < 0 ) + { + jpvt[j-1] = -jpvt[j-1]; + + if ( j != pu ) + { + dswap ( n, a+0+(pu-1)*lda, 1, a+0+(j-1)*lda, 1 ); + jp = jpvt[pu-1]; + jpvt[pu-1] = jpvt[j-1]; + jpvt[j-1] = jp; + } + pu = pu - 1; + } + } + } +/* + Compute the norms of the free columns. +*/ + for ( j = pl; j <= pu; j++ ) + { + qraux[j-1] = dnrm2 ( n, a+0+(j-1)*lda, 1 ); + } + + for ( j = pl; j <= pu; j++ ) + { + work[j-1] = qraux[j-1]; + } +/* + Perform the Householder reduction of A. +*/ + lup = i4_min ( n, p ); + + for ( l = 1; l <= lup; l++ ) + { +/* + Bring the column of largest norm into the pivot position. +*/ + if ( pl <= l && l < pu ) + { + maxnrm = 0.0; + maxj = l; + for ( j = l; j <= pu; j++ ) + { + if ( maxnrm < qraux[j-1] ) + { + maxnrm = qraux[j-1]; + maxj = j; + } + } + + if ( maxj != l ) + { + dswap ( n, a+0+(l-1)*lda, 1, a+0+(maxj-1)*lda, 1 ); + qraux[maxj-1] = qraux[l-1]; + work[maxj-1] = work[l-1]; + jp = jpvt[maxj-1]; + jpvt[maxj-1] = jpvt[l-1]; + jpvt[l-1] = jp; + } + } +/* + Compute the Householder transformation for column L. +*/ + qraux[l-1] = 0.0; + + if ( l != n ) + { + nrmxl = dnrm2 ( n-l+1, a+l-1+(l-1)*lda, 1 ); + + if ( nrmxl != 0.0 ) + { + if ( a[l-1+(l-1)*lda] != 0.0 ) + { + nrmxl = nrmxl * r8_sign ( a[l-1+(l-1)*lda] ); + } + + dscal ( n-l+1, 1.0 / nrmxl, a+l-1+(l-1)*lda, 1 ); + a[l-1+(l-1)*lda] = 1.0 + a[l-1+(l-1)*lda]; +/* + Apply the transformation to the remaining columns, updating the norms. +*/ + for ( j = l + 1; j <= p; j++ ) + { + t = -ddot ( n-l+1, a+l-1+(l-1)*lda, 1, a+l-1+(j-1)*lda, 1 ) + / a[l-1+(l-1)*lda]; + daxpy ( n-l+1, t, a+l-1+(l-1)*lda, 1, a+l-1+(j-1)*lda, 1 ); + + if ( pl <= j && j <= pu ) + { + if ( qraux[j-1] != 0.0 ) + { + tt = 1.0 - pow ( r8_abs ( a[l-1+(j-1)*lda] ) / qraux[j-1], 2 ); + tt = r8_max ( tt, 0.0 ); + t = tt; + tt = 1.0 + 0.05 * tt * pow ( qraux[j-1] / work[j-1], 2 ); + + if ( tt != 1.0 ) + { + qraux[j-1] = qraux[j-1] * sqrt ( t ); + } + else + { + qraux[j-1] = dnrm2 ( n-l, a+l+(j-1)*lda, 1 ); + work[j-1] = qraux[j-1]; + } + } + } + } +/* + Save the transformation. +*/ + qraux[l-1] = a[l-1+(l-1)*lda]; + a[l-1+(l-1)*lda] = -nrmxl; + } + } + } + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +int dqrls ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, double tol, int *kr, double b[], + double x[], double rsd[], int jpvt[], double qraux[], int itask ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DQRLS factors and solves a linear system in the least squares sense. + + Discussion: + + The linear system may be overdetermined, underdetermined or singular. + The solution is obtained using a QR factorization of the + coefficient matrix. + + DQRLS can be efficiently used to solve several least squares + problems with the same matrix A. The first system is solved + with ITASK = 1. The subsequent systems are solved with + ITASK = 2, to avoid the recomputation of the matrix factors. + The parameters KR, JPVT, and QRAUX must not be modified + between calls to DQRLS. + + DQRLS is used to solve in a least squares sense + overdetermined, underdetermined and singular linear systems. + The system is A*X approximates B where A is M by N. + B is a given M-vector, and X is the N-vector to be computed. + A solution X is found which minimimzes the sum of squares (2-norm) + of the residual, A*X - B. + + The numerical rank of A is determined using the tolerance TOL. + + DQRLS uses the LINPACK subroutine DQRDC to compute the QR + factorization, with column pivoting, of an M by N matrix A. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 10 September 2012 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt. + + Reference: + + David Kahaner, Cleve Moler, Steven Nash, + Numerical Methods and Software, + Prentice Hall, 1989, + ISBN: 0-13-627258-4, + LC: TA345.K34. + + Parameters: + + Input/output, double A[LDA*N], an M by N matrix. + On input, the matrix whose decomposition is to be computed. + In a least squares data fitting problem, A(I,J) is the + value of the J-th basis (model) function at the I-th data point. + On output, A contains the output from DQRDC. The triangular matrix R + of the QR factorization is contained in the upper triangle and + information needed to recover the orthogonal matrix Q is stored + below the diagonal in A and in the vector QRAUX. + + Input, int LDA, the leading dimension of A. + + Input, int M, the number of rows of A. + + Input, int N, the number of columns of A. + + Input, double TOL, a relative tolerance used to determine the + numerical rank. The problem should be scaled so that all the elements + of A have roughly the same absolute accuracy EPS. Then a reasonable + value for TOL is roughly EPS divided by the magnitude of the largest + element. + + Output, int *KR, the numerical rank. + + Input, double B[M], the right hand side of the linear system. + + Output, double X[N], a least squares solution to the linear + system. + + Output, double RSD[M], the residual, B - A*X. RSD may + overwrite B. + + Workspace, int JPVT[N], required if ITASK = 1. + Columns JPVT(1), ..., JPVT(KR) of the original matrix are linearly + independent to within the tolerance TOL and the remaining columns + are linearly dependent. ABS ( A(1,1) ) / ABS ( A(KR,KR) ) is an estimate + of the condition number of the matrix of independent columns, + and of R. This estimate will be <= 1/TOL. + + Workspace, double QRAUX[N], required if ITASK = 1. + + Input, int ITASK. + 1, DQRLS factors the matrix A and solves the least squares problem. + 2, DQRLS assumes that the matrix A was factored with an earlier + call to DQRLS, and only solves the least squares problem. + + Output, int DQRLS, error code. + 0: no error + -1: LDA < M (fatal error) + -2: N < 1 (fatal error) + -3: ITASK < 1 (fatal error) +*/ +{ + int ind; + + if ( lda < m ) + { + /*fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, "DQRLS - Fatal error!\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, " LDA < M.\n" );*/ + ind = -1; + return ind; + } + + if ( n <= 0 ) + { + /*fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, "DQRLS - Fatal error!\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, " N <= 0.\n" );*/ + ind = -2; + return ind; + } + + if ( itask < 1 ) + { + /*fprintf ( stderr, "\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, "DQRLS - Fatal error!\n" ); + fprintf ( stderr, " ITASK < 1.\n" );*/ + ind = -3; + return ind; + } + + ind = 0; +/* + Factor the matrix. +*/ + if ( itask == 1 ) + { + dqrank ( a, lda, m, n, tol, kr, jpvt, qraux ); + } +/* + Solve the least-squares problem. +*/ + dqrlss ( a, lda, m, n, *kr, b, x, rsd, jpvt, qraux ); + + return ind; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +void dqrlss ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, int kr, double b[], double x[], + double rsd[], int jpvt[], double qraux[] ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DQRLSS solves a linear system in a least squares sense. + + Discussion: + + DQRLSS must be preceeded by a call to DQRANK. + + The system is to be solved is + A * X = B + where + A is an M by N matrix with rank KR, as determined by DQRANK, + B is a given M-vector, + X is the N-vector to be computed. + + A solution X, with at most KR nonzero components, is found which + minimizes the 2-norm of the residual (A*X-B). + + Once the matrix A has been formed, DQRANK should be + called once to decompose it. Then, for each right hand + side B, DQRLSS should be called once to obtain the + solution and residual. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 10 September 2012 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Parameters: + + Input, double A[LDA*N], the QR factorization information + from DQRANK. The triangular matrix R of the QR factorization is + contained in the upper triangle and information needed to recover + the orthogonal matrix Q is stored below the diagonal in A and in + the vector QRAUX. + + Input, int LDA, the leading dimension of A, which must + be at least M. + + Input, int M, the number of rows of A. + + Input, int N, the number of columns of A. + + Input, int KR, the rank of the matrix, as estimated by DQRANK. + + Input, double B[M], the right hand side of the linear system. + + Output, double X[N], a least squares solution to the + linear system. + + Output, double RSD[M], the residual, B - A*X. RSD may + overwite B. + + Input, int JPVT[N], the pivot information from DQRANK. + Columns JPVT[0], ..., JPVT[KR-1] of the original matrix are linearly + independent to within the tolerance TOL and the remaining columns + are linearly dependent. + + Input, double QRAUX[N], auxiliary information from DQRANK + defining the QR factorization. +*/ +{ + int i; + int info; + int j; + int job; + int k; + double t; + + if ( kr != 0 ) + { + job = 110; + info = dqrsl ( a, lda, m, kr, qraux, b, rsd, rsd, x, rsd, rsd, job ); + } + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + jpvt[i] = - jpvt[i]; + } + + for ( i = kr; i < n; i++ ) + { + x[i] = 0.0; + } + + for ( j = 1; j <= n; j++ ) + { + if ( jpvt[j-1] <= 0 ) + { + k = - jpvt[j-1]; + jpvt[j-1] = k; + + while ( k != j ) + { + t = x[j-1]; + x[j-1] = x[k-1]; + x[k-1] = t; + jpvt[k-1] = -jpvt[k-1]; + k = jpvt[k-1]; + } + } + } + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +int dqrsl ( double a[], int lda, int n, int k, double qraux[], double y[], + double qy[], double qty[], double b[], double rsd[], double ab[], int job ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DQRSL computes transformations, projections, and least squares solutions. + + Discussion: + + DQRSL requires the output of DQRDC. + + For K <= min(N,P), let AK be the matrix + + AK = ( A(JPVT[0]), A(JPVT(2)), ..., A(JPVT(K)) ) + + formed from columns JPVT[0], ..., JPVT(K) of the original + N by P matrix A that was input to DQRDC. If no pivoting was + done, AK consists of the first K columns of A in their + original order. DQRDC produces a factored orthogonal matrix Q + and an upper triangular matrix R such that + + AK = Q * (R) + (0) + + This information is contained in coded form in the arrays + A and QRAUX. + + The parameters QY, QTY, B, RSD, and AB are not referenced + if their computation is not requested and in this case + can be replaced by dummy variables in the calling program. + To save storage, the user may in some cases use the same + array for different parameters in the calling sequence. A + frequently occuring example is when one wishes to compute + any of B, RSD, or AB and does not need Y or QTY. In this + case one may identify Y, QTY, and one of B, RSD, or AB, while + providing separate arrays for anything else that is to be + computed. + + Thus the calling sequence + + dqrsl ( a, lda, n, k, qraux, y, dum, y, b, y, dum, 110, info ) + + will result in the computation of B and RSD, with RSD + overwriting Y. More generally, each item in the following + list contains groups of permissible identifications for + a single calling sequence. + + 1. (Y,QTY,B) (RSD) (AB) (QY) + + 2. (Y,QTY,RSD) (B) (AB) (QY) + + 3. (Y,QTY,AB) (B) (RSD) (QY) + + 4. (Y,QY) (QTY,B) (RSD) (AB) + + 5. (Y,QY) (QTY,RSD) (B) (AB) + + 6. (Y,QY) (QTY,AB) (B) (RSD) + + In any group the value returned in the array allocated to + the group corresponds to the last member of the group. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 07 June 2005 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt. + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch and Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics), + 3600 University City Science Center, + Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2688. + ISBN 0-89871-172-X + + Parameters: + + Input, double A[LDA*P], contains the output of DQRDC. + + Input, int LDA, the leading dimension of the array A. + + Input, int N, the number of rows of the matrix AK. It must + have the same value as N in DQRDC. + + Input, int K, the number of columns of the matrix AK. K + must not be greater than min(N,P), where P is the same as in the + calling sequence to DQRDC. + + Input, double QRAUX[P], the auxiliary output from DQRDC. + + Input, double Y[N], a vector to be manipulated by DQRSL. + + Output, double QY[N], contains Q * Y, if requested. + + Output, double QTY[N], contains Q' * Y, if requested. + + Output, double B[K], the solution of the least squares problem + minimize norm2 ( Y - AK * B), + if its computation has been requested. Note that if pivoting was + requested in DQRDC, the J-th component of B will be associated with + column JPVT(J) of the original matrix A that was input into DQRDC. + + Output, double RSD[N], the least squares residual Y - AK * B, + if its computation has been requested. RSD is also the orthogonal + projection of Y onto the orthogonal complement of the column space + of AK. + + Output, double AB[N], the least squares approximation Ak * B, + if its computation has been requested. AB is also the orthogonal + projection of Y onto the column space of A. + + Input, integer JOB, specifies what is to be computed. JOB has + the decimal expansion ABCDE, with the following meaning: + + if A != 0, compute QY. + if B != 0, compute QTY. + if C != 0, compute QTY and B. + if D != 0, compute QTY and RSD. + if E != 0, compute QTY and AB. + + Note that a request to compute B, RSD, or AB automatically triggers + the computation of QTY, for which an array must be provided in the + calling sequence. + + Output, int DQRSL, is zero unless the computation of B has + been requested and R is exactly singular. In this case, INFO is the + index of the first zero diagonal element of R, and B is left unaltered. +*/ +{ + int cab; + int cb; + int cqty; + int cqy; + int cr; + int i; + int info; + int j; + int jj; + int ju; + double t; + double temp; +/* + Set INFO flag. +*/ + info = 0; +/* + Determine what is to be computed. +*/ + cqy = ( job / 10000 != 0 ); + cqty = ( ( job % 10000 ) != 0 ); + cb = ( ( job % 1000 ) / 100 != 0 ); + cr = ( ( job % 100 ) / 10 != 0 ); + cab = ( ( job % 10 ) != 0 ); + + ju = i4_min ( k, n-1 ); +/* + Special action when N = 1. +*/ + if ( ju == 0 ) + { + if ( cqy ) + { + qy[0] = y[0]; + } + + if ( cqty ) + { + qty[0] = y[0]; + } + + if ( cab ) + { + ab[0] = y[0]; + } + + if ( cb ) + { + if ( a[0+0*lda] == 0.0 ) + { + info = 1; + } + else + { + b[0] = y[0] / a[0+0*lda]; + } + } + + if ( cr ) + { + rsd[0] = 0.0; + } + return info; + } +/* + Set up to compute QY or QTY. +*/ + if ( cqy ) + { + for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) + { + qy[i-1] = y[i-1]; + } + } + + if ( cqty ) + { + for ( i = 1; i <= n; i++ ) + { + qty[i-1] = y[i-1]; + } + } +/* + Compute QY. +*/ + if ( cqy ) + { + for ( jj = 1; jj <= ju; jj++ ) + { + j = ju - jj + 1; + + if ( qraux[j-1] != 0.0 ) + { + temp = a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = qraux[j-1]; + t = -ddot ( n-j+1, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, qy+j-1, 1 ) / a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + daxpy ( n-j+1, t, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, qy+j-1, 1 ); + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = temp; + } + } + } +/* + Compute Q'*Y. +*/ + if ( cqty ) + { + for ( j = 1; j <= ju; j++ ) + { + if ( qraux[j-1] != 0.0 ) + { + temp = a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = qraux[j-1]; + t = -ddot ( n-j+1, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, qty+j-1, 1 ) / a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + daxpy ( n-j+1, t, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, qty+j-1, 1 ); + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = temp; + } + } + } +/* + Set up to compute B, RSD, or AB. +*/ + if ( cb ) + { + for ( i = 1; i <= k; i++ ) + { + b[i-1] = qty[i-1]; + } + } + + if ( cab ) + { + for ( i = 1; i <= k; i++ ) + { + ab[i-1] = qty[i-1]; + } + } + + if ( cr && k < n ) + { + for ( i = k+1; i <= n; i++ ) + { + rsd[i-1] = qty[i-1]; + } + } + + if ( cab && k+1 <= n ) + { + for ( i = k+1; i <= n; i++ ) + { + ab[i-1] = 0.0; + } + } + + if ( cr ) + { + for ( i = 1; i <= k; i++ ) + { + rsd[i-1] = 0.0; + } + } +/* + Compute B. +*/ + if ( cb ) + { + for ( jj = 1; jj <= k; jj++ ) + { + j = k - jj + 1; + + if ( a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] == 0.0 ) + { + info = j; + break; + } + + b[j-1] = b[j-1] / a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + + if ( j != 1 ) + { + t = -b[j-1]; + daxpy ( j-1, t, a+0+(j-1)*lda, 1, b, 1 ); + } + } + } +/* + Compute RSD or AB as required. +*/ + if ( cr || cab ) + { + for ( jj = 1; jj <= ju; jj++ ) + { + j = ju - jj + 1; + + if ( qraux[j-1] != 0.0 ) + { + temp = a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = qraux[j-1]; + + if ( cr ) + { + t = -ddot ( n-j+1, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, rsd+j-1, 1 ) + / a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + daxpy ( n-j+1, t, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, rsd+j-1, 1 ); + } + + if ( cab ) + { + t = -ddot ( n-j+1, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, ab+j-1, 1 ) + / a[j-1+(j-1)*lda]; + daxpy ( n-j+1, t, a+j-1+(j-1)*lda, 1, ab+j-1, 1 ); + } + a[j-1+(j-1)*lda] = temp; + } + } + } + + return info; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +/******************************************************************************/ + +void dscal ( int n, double sa, double x[], int incx ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DSCAL scales a vector by a constant. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 30 March 2007 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979. + + Charles Lawson, Richard Hanson, David Kincaid, Fred Krogh, + Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage, + Algorithm 539, + ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, + Volume 5, Number 3, September 1979, pages 308-323. + + Parameters: + + Input, int N, the number of entries in the vector. + + Input, double SA, the multiplier. + + Input/output, double X[*], the vector to be scaled. + + Input, int INCX, the increment between successive entries of X. +*/ +{ + int i; + int ix; + int m; + + if ( n <= 0 ) + { + } + else if ( incx == 1 ) + { + m = n % 5; + + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + x[i] = sa * x[i]; + } + + for ( i = m; i < n; i = i + 5 ) + { + x[i] = sa * x[i]; + x[i+1] = sa * x[i+1]; + x[i+2] = sa * x[i+2]; + x[i+3] = sa * x[i+3]; + x[i+4] = sa * x[i+4]; + } + } + else + { + if ( 0 <= incx ) + { + ix = 0; + } + else + { + ix = ( - n + 1 ) * incx; + } + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + x[ix] = sa * x[ix]; + ix = ix + incx; + } + } + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + + +void dswap ( int n, double x[], int incx, double y[], int incy ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + DSWAP interchanges two vectors. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 30 March 2007 + + Author: + + C version by John Burkardt + + Reference: + + Jack Dongarra, Cleve Moler, Jim Bunch, Pete Stewart, + LINPACK User's Guide, + SIAM, 1979. + + Charles Lawson, Richard Hanson, David Kincaid, Fred Krogh, + Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage, + Algorithm 539, + ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, + Volume 5, Number 3, September 1979, pages 308-323. + + Parameters: + + Input, int N, the number of entries in the vectors. + + Input/output, double X[*], one of the vectors to swap. + + Input, int INCX, the increment between successive entries of X. + + Input/output, double Y[*], one of the vectors to swap. + + Input, int INCY, the increment between successive elements of Y. +*/ +{ + int i; + int ix; + int iy; + int m; + double temp; + + if ( n <= 0 ) + { + } + else if ( incx == 1 && incy == 1 ) + { + m = n % 3; + + for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ ) + { + temp = x[i]; + x[i] = y[i]; + y[i] = temp; + } + + for ( i = m; i < n; i = i + 3 ) + { + temp = x[i]; + x[i] = y[i]; + y[i] = temp; + + temp = x[i+1]; + x[i+1] = y[i+1]; + y[i+1] = temp; + + temp = x[i+2]; + x[i+2] = y[i+2]; + y[i+2] = temp; + } + } + else + { + if ( 0 <= incx ) + { + ix = 0; + } + else + { + ix = ( - n + 1 ) * incx; + } + + if ( 0 <= incy ) + { + iy = 0; + } + else + { + iy = ( - n + 1 ) * incy; + } + + for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) + { + temp = x[ix]; + x[ix] = y[iy]; + y[iy] = temp; + ix = ix + incx; + iy = iy + incy; + } + + } + + return; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +/******************************************************************************/ + +double *qr_solve ( int m, int n, double a[], double b[] ) + +/******************************************************************************/ +/* + Purpose: + + QR_SOLVE solves a linear system in the least squares sense. + + Discussion: + + If the matrix A has full column rank, then the solution X should be the + unique vector that minimizes the Euclidean norm of the residual. + + If the matrix A does not have full column rank, then the solution is + not unique; the vector X will minimize the residual norm, but so will + various other vectors. + + Licensing: + + This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. + + Modified: + + 11 September 2012 + + Author: + + John Burkardt + + Reference: + + David Kahaner, Cleve Moler, Steven Nash, + Numerical Methods and Software, + Prentice Hall, 1989, + ISBN: 0-13-627258-4, + LC: TA345.K34. + + Parameters: + + Input, int M, the number of rows of A. + + Input, int N, the number of columns of A. + + Input, double A[M*N], the matrix. + + Input, double B[M], the right hand side. + + Output, double QR_SOLVE[N], the least squares solution. +*/ +{ + double *a_qr; + int ind; + int itask; + int *jpvt; + int kr; + int lda; + double *qraux; + double *r; + double tol; + double *x; + + a_qr = r8mat_copy_new ( m, n, a ); + lda = m; + tol = r8_epsilon ( ) / r8mat_amax ( m, n, a_qr ); + x = ( double * ) malloc ( n * sizeof ( double ) ); + jpvt = ( int * ) malloc ( n * sizeof ( int ) ); + qraux = ( double * ) malloc ( n * sizeof ( double ) ); + r = ( double * ) malloc ( m * sizeof ( double ) ); + itask = 1; + + ind = dqrls ( a_qr, lda, m, n, tol, &kr, b, x, r, jpvt, qraux, itask ); + + free ( a_qr ); + free ( jpvt ); + free ( qraux ); + free ( r ); + + return x; +} +/******************************************************************************/ + +#endif diff --git a/Marlin/qr_solve.h b/Marlin/qr_solve.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b756d1e1b --- /dev/null +++ b/Marlin/qr_solve.h @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#include "Configuration.h" + +#ifdef ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING + +void daxpy ( int n, double da, double dx[], int incx, double dy[], int incy ); +double ddot ( int n, double dx[], int incx, double dy[], int incy ); +double dnrm2 ( int n, double x[], int incx ); +void dqrank ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, double tol, int *kr, + int jpvt[], double qraux[] ); +void dqrdc ( double a[], int lda, int n, int p, double qraux[], int jpvt[], + double work[], int job ); +int dqrls ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, double tol, int *kr, double b[], + double x[], double rsd[], int jpvt[], double qraux[], int itask ); +void dqrlss ( double a[], int lda, int m, int n, int kr, double b[], double x[], + double rsd[], int jpvt[], double qraux[] ); +int dqrsl ( double a[], int lda, int n, int k, double qraux[], double y[], + double qy[], double qty[], double b[], double rsd[], double ab[], int job ); +void dscal ( int n, double sa, double x[], int incx ); +void dswap ( int n, double x[], int incx, double y[], int incy ); +double *qr_solve ( int m, int n, double a[], double b[] ); + +#endif From 5bde7fcb28601eda609611f2590f3f056c8e4b34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: fsantini Date: Wed, 11 Dec 2013 21:27:43 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Minor code and comment polishing --- Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp | 8 ++------ Marlin/vector_3.cpp | 6 ++---- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp index db9686f3e..daeb65ffa 100644 --- a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp +++ b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp @@ -809,14 +809,10 @@ static void set_bed_level_equation_lsq(double *plane_equation_coefficients) plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_look_at(planeNormal); //bedLevel.debug("bedLevel"); - plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level before"); + //plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level before"); //vector_3 uncorrected_position = plan_get_position_mm(); //uncorrected_position.debug("position before"); - // and set our bed level equation to do the right thing -// plan_bed_level_matrix = matrix_3x3::create_inverse(bedLevel); -// plan_bed_level_matrix.debug("bed level after"); - vector_3 corrected_position = plan_get_position(); // corrected_position.debug("position after"); current_position[X_AXIS] = corrected_position.x; @@ -824,7 +820,7 @@ static void set_bed_level_equation_lsq(double *plane_equation_coefficients) current_position[Z_AXIS] = corrected_position.z; // but the bed at 0 so we don't go below it. - current_position[Z_AXIS] = -Z_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER; // in the lsq we reach here after raising the extruder due to the loop structure + current_position[Z_AXIS] = -Z_PROBE_OFFSET_FROM_EXTRUDER; plan_set_position(current_position[X_AXIS], current_position[Y_AXIS], current_position[Z_AXIS], current_position[E_AXIS]); } diff --git a/Marlin/vector_3.cpp b/Marlin/vector_3.cpp index c9f480323..c143e012e 100644 --- a/Marlin/vector_3.cpp +++ b/Marlin/vector_3.cpp @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ void matrix_3x3::set_to_identity() matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::create_look_at(vector_3 target) { - vector_3 z_row = vector_3(target.x, target.y, target.z).get_normal(); + vector_3 z_row = target.get_normal(); vector_3 x_row = vector_3(1, 0, -target.x/target.z).get_normal(); vector_3 y_row = vector_3(0, 1, -target.y/target.z).get_normal(); @@ -139,9 +139,7 @@ matrix_3x3 matrix_3x3::create_look_at(vector_3 target) // create the matrix already correctly transposed - matrix_3x3 rot = matrix_3x3::create_from_rows(vector_3(x_row.x, x_row.y, x_row.z), - vector_3(y_row.x, y_row.y, y_row.z), - vector_3(z_row.x, z_row.y, z_row.z)); + matrix_3x3 rot = matrix_3x3::create_from_rows(x_row, y_row, z_row); // rot.debug("rot"); return rot; From da2a6f9a312dd7cae3fb450784630a6051d7bbdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Francesco Santini Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2013 10:31:19 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Accurate bed leveling: x loop inside y and zigzag motion --- Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp | 21 +++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp index daeb65ffa..e37c3e1de 100644 --- a/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp +++ b/Marlin/Marlin_main.cpp @@ -1368,10 +1368,26 @@ void process_commands() int probePointCounter = 0; + bool zig = true; - for (int xProbe=LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; xProbe <= RIGHT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; xProbe += xGridSpacing) + for (int yProbe=FRONT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe <= BACK_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe += yGridSpacing) { - for (int yProbe=FRONT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe <= BACK_PROBE_BED_POSITION; yProbe += yGridSpacing) + int xProbe, xInc; + if (zig) + { + xProbe = LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; + //xEnd = RIGHT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; + xInc = xGridSpacing; + zig = false; + } else // zag + { + xProbe = RIGHT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; + //xEnd = LEFT_PROBE_BED_POSITION; + xInc = -xGridSpacing; + zig = true; + } + + for (int xCount=0; xCount < ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS; xCount++) { if (probePointCounter == 0) { @@ -1403,6 +1419,7 @@ void process_commands() eqnAMatrix[probePointCounter + 1*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS] = yProbe; eqnAMatrix[probePointCounter + 2*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS*ACCURATE_BED_LEVELING_POINTS] = 1; probePointCounter++; + xProbe += xInc; } } clean_up_after_endstop_move();