diff --git a/README-awesome.md b/README-awesome.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47d59a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/README-awesome.md @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing +This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing +of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies). + +Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace- +level technology. + +# Software +Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available +for the creation of PCBAs. + +## Debian +The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in +Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch +since the version in Debian is old. Debian `backports` maintains +an up to date KiCAD. + +The following are in use in the current production toolchain: + +* `freecad` --- Visualization of PCBAs and more. 3D CAD application. + +* `inkscape` --- vector-based drawing program. + +* `kicad` --- Electronic schematic and PCB design software. + +The following are NOT in use: + +* `electronics-pcb` --- Debian packages for PCB development (meta package). + +* `fritzing` --- Easy-to-use electronic design software. + +* `geda` --- GPL EDA -- Electronics design software. + +* `gerbv` --- Gerber file viewer. + +* `lepton-eda` --- Lepton Electronic Design Automation. + +* `pcb` --- printed circuit board (pcb) design program. + +* `pcb2gcode` --- command-line tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs. + +* `pcb-rnd` - Modular Printed Circuit Board layout tool. + +* `visolate` - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs. + +## Electronic Design Automation (EDA) +To design PCBs, KiCAD is used. +Export Gerber files for manufacturing. + +# PCB Manufacturing. +You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers. +Recommended suppliers (amongst many): + +* OSHPark --- Strong FLO supporters, high quality, quick turn, USA. + +* DirtyPCBs --- Lowest possible cost out of Shenzhen, China. + +* ProtoExpress -- Quick turn, high quality, high cost, USA. + +* Many others that also support KiCAD! + + +## Board Types and Features +FR1, FR4, etc. + +## Copper Layer +Cu later. + +## Soldermask +Green... + +## Silkscreen +White... + +## Standards & QC +cf. NASA Standards. + +# Assembly +You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress, +or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of +DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to: + +* Source components. + +* Place components. + +* Solder Components. + +## Placement +The many ways to place a part... + +* Fingers. + +* Tweezers. + +* Vacuum. + +* Pick and Place. + +What method is used depends on the type and size of the part +and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT, +BGA, and through hole parts. + +## Solder Paste +To solder SMT parts to + +## Solder Wire + +## Heat +You need to melt that solder... + +* Solder Iron. + +* Skillet. + +* Oven. + +* Hot air pencil. + +* Hot air bath. + +# PCBA Testing +Pins. + +# Equipment + +## LASER +LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs. +Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces. +Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers. + +* Cut solder paste stencils. + +* Etch paint, which is then chemically etched. + +* Board marking, such as serialization. + +## CNC +Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly. +Very small CNCs can be used. +CNCs are available at many hackerspaces. +CNCs can be used to: + +* Engrave PCB. + +* Drill PCB holes. + + +## 3D Printer +RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces. +3D printers can be used to: + +* Make CNC fixtures. + +* Make board holding fixtures. + +* Make other tools, etc. + +## Solder Station +Solder station tools: + +* Soldering iron. + +* Hot air pencil. + +* Hot air bath. + +* Fume extrator. + +* PCB holder. + +* Lights. + +* Magnification. + +* Solder paste dispenser. + +* Vacuum pencil. + +* Oven. + +* Heat plate.