From e3937f7800b6d2c7e7effd1c24616fd43edf4aa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jeff Moe Date: Tue, 31 Dec 2019 11:40:35 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] generate TOC README.md --- README.md | 477 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 477 insertions(+) create mode 100644 README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5136640 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,477 @@ +#Summary + +- [PCBA](#section-id-1) +- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-5) +- [Software](#section-id-12) + - [Debian](#section-id-16) + - [Other Software](#section-id-50) + - [Electronic Design Automation (EDA)](#section-id-69) +- [PCB Manufacturing](#section-id-73) + - [Board Types and Features](#section-id-85) + - [Copper Layer](#section-id-88) + - [Soldermask](#section-id-91) + - [Silkscreen](#section-id-94) + - [Standards & QC](#section-id-97) +- [PCB Assembly](#section-id-104) + - [Placement](#section-id-115) + - [Solder Paste](#section-id-130) + - [Solder Wire](#section-id-139) + - [Flux](#section-id-146) + - [Flux Remover](#section-id-151) + - [Low Melt Alloy](#section-id-158) + - [Solder Wick](#section-id-163) + - [Heat](#section-id-168) +- [PCBA Processes](#section-id-181) + - [Solder through hole components with soldering iron](#section-id-184) + - [Solder SMT components with soldering iron](#section-id-187) + - [Solder SMT components with hot air](#section-id-190) + - [Solder SMT components with oven](#section-id-193) + - [Solder SMT components with skillet](#section-id-196) + - [Solder BGA components](#section-id-199) + - [Rework through hole components](#section-id-202) + - [Rework SMT components](#section-id-210) + - [Rework BGA components](#section-id-218) + - [Create solder paste stencil](#section-id-221) + - [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask](#section-id-229) + - [Apply solder paste with syringe](#section-id-232) + - [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe](#section-id-235) + - [Solder Pot](#section-id-238) +- [PCBA Testing](#section-id-244) +- [Equipment](#section-id-247) + - [LASER](#section-id-252) + - [CNC](#section-id-263) + - [3D Printer](#section-id-273) + - [Solder Station](#section-id-283) + - [Pick and Place](#section-id-310) +- [Production Boards](#section-id-320) +- [Copying / License](#section-id-329) + + + +
+ +# PCBA +PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs. + + +
+ +# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing +This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing +of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies). + +Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace- +level technology. + +
+ +# Software +Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available +for the creation of PCBAs. + +
+ +## Debian +The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in +Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch +since the version in Debian is old. Debian `backports` maintains +an up to date KiCAD. + +The following Debian packages are in use in the current production toolchain: + +* `freecad` --- Visualization of PCBAs and more. 3D CAD application. + +* `inkscape` --- vector-based drawing program. + +* `kicad` --- Electronic schematic and PCB design software. + +The following Debian packages are NOT in use: + +* `electronics-pcb` --- Debian packages for PCB development (meta package). + +* `fritzing` --- Easy-to-use electronic design software. + +* `geda` --- GPL EDA -- Electronics design software. + +* `gerbv` --- Gerber file viewer. + +* `lepton-eda` --- Lepton Electronic Design Automation. + +* `pcb` --- printed circuit board (pcb) design program. + +* `pcb2gcode` --- command-line tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs. + +* `pcb-rnd` - Modular Printed Circuit Board layout tool. + +* `visolate` - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs. + +
+ +## Other Software +Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses. + +Used: + +* J-Tech Photonics LASER Inkscape Plugin. + +* `raster2gcode` --- Inkscape Plugin. + +Not Used: + +* `InteractiveHtmlBom` --- Interactive HTML BOM generation plugin for KiCad +https://github.com/openscopeproject/InteractiveHtmlBom + +* `OpenPNP` --- Pick and Place software. + +* [`flatcam`](http://flatcam.org/) --- Free and Open-source PCB CAM. +FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excellon or G-code, edit it or create from scatch, and output G-Code. Isolation routing is one of many tasks that FlatCAM is perfect for. + +
+ +## Electronic Design Automation (EDA) +To design PCBs, KiCAD is used. +Export Gerber files for manufacturing. + +
+ +# PCB Manufacturing +You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers. +Recommended suppliers (amongst many): + +* OSHPark --- Strong FLO supporters, high quality, quick turn, USA. + +* DirtyPCBs --- Lowest possible cost out of Shenzhen, China. + +* ProtoExpress -- Quick turn, high quality, high cost, USA. + +* Many others that also support KiCAD! + +
+ +## Board Types and Features +FR1, FR4, etc. + +
+ +## Copper Layer +Cu later. + +
+ +## Soldermask +Green... + +
+ +## Silkscreen +White... + +
+ +## Standards & QC +Standards: + +* RoHS (no lead). + +* cf. NASA Standards. + +
+ +# PCB Assembly +You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress, +or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of +DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to: + +* Source components. + +* Place components. + +* Solder Components. + +
+ +## Placement +The many ways to place a part... + +* Fingers. + +* Tweezers. + +* Vacuum. + +* Pick and Place. + +What method is used depends on the type and size of the part +and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT, +BGA, and through hole parts. + +
+ +## Solder Paste +To solder SMT parts to PCB. + +In use: + +* CHIPQUIK SMD291SNL50T3, 50g jar. + +* Zeph ZeroLead, 96.5Sn / 3Ag /.5Cu, 10cc syringe. + +
+ +## Solder Wire +In use: + +* Kester K1000D, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm. + +* Kester Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm. + +
+ +## Flux +In use: + +* Zephlux No Clean Flux, 14 gr. jar. + +
+ +## Flux Remover +But you just put flux on... + +In use: + +* Zeph Flux Remover. + +
+ +## Low Melt Alloy +To desolder, perchance. + +* Zeph ZERO No Lead Low Melt. + +
+ +## Solder Wick +Solder wick, aka desoldering wire. + +In use: variety sizes. + +
+ +## Heat +You need to melt that solder... + +* Solder Iron. + +* Skillet. + +* Oven. + +* Hot air pencil. + +* Hot air bath. + +
+ +# PCBA Processes +Working with PCBs and components: + +
+ +## Solder through hole components with soldering iron +HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering. + +
+ +## Solder SMT components with soldering iron +HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron. + +
+ +## Solder SMT components with hot air +HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air. + +
+ +## Solder SMT components with oven +HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven. + +
+ +## Solder SMT components with skillet +HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet. + +
+ +## Solder BGA components +HOWTO Solder BGA components. + +
+ +## Rework through hole components +HOWTO Rework through hole components. + +Current Practice: + +* [Through Hole Component Removal HOWTO] +(HOWTO/through-hole-component-removal-HOWTO.md) + +
+ +## Rework SMT components +HOWTO Rework SMT components. + +Current Practice: + +* [SMT Component Removal HOWTO] +(HOWTO/smt-component-removal-HOWTO.md) + +
+ +## Rework BGA components +HOWTO Rework BGA components. + +
+ +## Create solder paste stencil +HOWTO Create solder paste stencil. + +Current Practice: + +* [HOWTO create a solder paste stencil with Inkscape] +(HOWTO/laser-solder-paste-stencil-inkscape.md) + +
+ +## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask +HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask. + +
+ +## Apply solder paste with syringe +HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe. + +
+ +## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe +HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe. + +
+ +## Solder Pot +HOWTO Use a solder pot. + +* [Solder Pot HOWTO] +(HOWTO/solder-pot-HOWTO.md) + +
+ +# PCBA Testing +Pins. + +
+ +# Equipment +The equipment considered is what is generally available to +hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large +wave solder machines. + +
+ +## LASER +LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs. +Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces. +Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers. + +* Cut solder paste stencils. + +* Etch paint, which is then chemically etched. + +* Board marking, such as serialization. + +
+ +## CNC +Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly. +Very small CNCs can be used. +CNCs are available at many hackerspaces. +CNCs can be used to: + +* Engrave PCB. + +* Drill PCB holes. + +
+ +## 3D Printer +RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces. +3D printers can be used to: + +* Make CNC fixtures. + +* Make board holding fixtures. + +* Make other tools, etc. + +
+ +## Solder Station +Solder station tools: + +* Soldering iron. + +* Hot air pencil. + +* Hot air bath. + +* Fume extrator. + +* PCB holder. + +* Lights. + +* Magnification. + +* Solder paste dispenser. + +* Vacuum pencil. + +* Oven. + +* Heat plate. + +* Solder pot. + +
+ +## Pick and Place +A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware +pick and place machines are available. + +* OpenPNP designs. + +* LitePlacer. Note, works with Free Software OpenPNP, but is +non-commercial design licensed hardware. Manufacturer supplies +proprietary application. + +
+ +# Production Boards +Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured. + +* Trellisboard --- Ultimate ECP5 board. +https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard + +* ULX3X --- ECP5 board. +https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s + +
+ +# Copying / License +This document is available here: +https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md + +License: CC By SA 4.0 International and/or GPLv3+ at your discretion. +Other code licensed under their own respective licenses. + +Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc. +