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243 lines
11 KiB
243 lines
11 KiB
/** \file
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*
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* This file contains special DoxyGen information for the generation of the main page and other special
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* documentation pages. It is not a project source file.
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*/
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/** \mainpage CDC Class USB AVR Bootloader
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*
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* \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
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*
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* The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
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*
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* \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
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* \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
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* \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4)
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* \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2)
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*
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* \section Sec_Info USB Information:
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*
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* The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
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*
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* <table>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
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* <td>Device</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
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* <td>Communications Device Class (CDC)</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
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* <td>Abstract Control Model (ACM)</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
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* <td>USBIF CDC Class Standard</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
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* <td>Full Speed Mode</td>
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* </tr>
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* </table>
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*
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* \section Sec_Description Project Description:
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*
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* This bootloader enumerates to the host as a CDC Class device (virtual serial port), allowing for AVR109
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* protocol compatible programming software to load firmware onto the AVR.
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*
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* Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
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* into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
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* edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
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*
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* When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
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* bootloader from the normal user application.
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*
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* \warning <b>THIS BOOTLOADER IS NOT SECURE.</b> Malicious entities can recover written data, even if the device
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* lockbits are set.
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*
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* \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
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*
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* On the USB AVR8 devices, setting the \c HWBE device fuse will cause the bootloader to run if the \c HWB pin of
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* the AVR is grounded when the device is reset.
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*
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* The are two behaviours of this bootloader, depending on the device's fuses:
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*
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* <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is set</b>, the bootloader will run any time the system is reset from
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* the external reset pin, unless no valid user application has been loaded. To initiate the bootloader, the
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* device's external reset pin should be grounded momentarily.
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*
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* <b>If the device's BOOTRST fuse is not set</b>, the bootloader will run only if initiated via a software
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* jump, or if the \c HWB pin was low during the last device reset (if the \c HWBE fuse is set).
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*
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* For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
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* Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
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* \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
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* Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
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* \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
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*
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* \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
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*
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* After running this bootloader for the first time on a new computer, you will need to supply the .INF
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* file located in this bootloader project's directory as the device's driver when running under Windows.
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* This will enable Windows to use its inbuilt CDC drivers, negating the need for custom drivers for the
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* device. Other Operating Systems should automatically use their own inbuilt CDC-ACM drivers.
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*
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* \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
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*
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* This bootloader is compatible with the open source application AVRDUDE, Atmel's AVRPROG, or other
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* applications implementing the AVR109 protocol, which is documented on the Atmel website as an application
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* note.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_AVRDude AVRDUDE (Windows, Mac, Linux)
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*
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* AVRDude is a free, cross-platform and open source command line programmer for Atmel and third party AVR
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* programmers. It is available on the the Windows platform as part of the "WinAVR" package, or on other systems
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* either from a build from the official source code, or in many distributions as a precompiled binary package.
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*
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* To load a new HEX file with AVRDude, specify "AVR109" as the programmer, with the allocated COM port. On Windows
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* platforms this will be a COMx port name:
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* \code
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* avrdude -c AVR109 -p at90usb1287 -P COM0 -U flash:w:Mouse.hex
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* \endcode
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*
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* On Linux systems, this will typically be a /dev/ttyACMx port name:
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* \code
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* avrdude -c AVR109 -p at90usb1287 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:Mouse.hex
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* \endcode
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*
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* Refer to the AVRDude project documentation for additional usage instructions.
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*
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* \section Sec_API User Application API
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*
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* Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
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* allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
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*
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* By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
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* following layout:
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*
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* \code
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE 32
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
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* #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index) (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
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*
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
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* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
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* void (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE 0xDCFB
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_CDC_SIGNATURE 0xDF00
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*
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* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
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* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH 4
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* \endcode
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*
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* From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
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* \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
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* can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
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* to the value \c BOOTLOADER_CDC_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
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* memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
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*
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* \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
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* The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
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*
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* \verbatim
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* +----------------------------+ 0x0000
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | User Application |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* | |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
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* | |
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* | Bootloader Application |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* | |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
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* | API Table Trampolines |
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* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
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* | Bootloader API Table |
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* | (User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
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* | Bootloader ID Constants |
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* | (User App. Accessible) |
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* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
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* \endverbatim
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*
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* \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
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*
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* \par On Linux machines, the CDC bootloader is unstable or inaccessible.
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* A change to the \c ModemManager module in many Linux distributions causes
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* this module to try to take control over inserted CDC devices, corrupting the
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* datastream. A UDEV rule is required to prevent this.
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* See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
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* If the issue still persists then uninstall modemmanager by executing <tt>sudo apt-get remove modemmanager</tt>, or
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* the equivalent using your chosen distribution's package manager.
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*
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* \par On Linux machines, the CDC bootloader is inaccessible.
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* On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly
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* inserted CDC devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain
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* access.
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* See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
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*
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* \section Sec_Options Project Options
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*
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* The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
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*
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* <table>
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* <tr>
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* <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
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* <th><b>Location:</b></th>
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* <th><b>Description:</b></th>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td>NO_BLOCK_SUPPORT</td>
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* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
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* <td>Define to disable memory block read/write support in the bootloader, requiring all reads and writes to be made
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* using the byte-level commands.</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td>NO_EEPROM_BYTE_SUPPORT</td>
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* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
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* <td>Define to disable EEPROM memory byte read/write support in the bootloader, requiring all EEPROM reads and writes
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* to be made using the block-level commands.</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td>NO_FLASH_BYTE_SUPPORT</td>
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* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
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* <td>Define to disable FLASH memory byte read/write support in the bootloader, requiring all FLASH reads and writes
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* to be made using the block-level commands.</td>
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* </tr>
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* <tr>
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* <td>NO_LOCK_BYTE_WRITE_SUPPORT</td>
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* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
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* <td>Define to disable lock byte write support in the bootloader, preventing the lock bits from being set programmatically.</td>
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* </tr>
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* </table>
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*/
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