@ -1,116 +1,7 @@
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					#Summary  
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Summary ](#section-id-1 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA ](#section-id-51 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing ](#section-id-57 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Software ](#section-id-66 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Debian ](#section-id-72 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Other Software ](#section-id-108 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ](#section-id-129 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCB Manufacturing ](#section-id-135 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Board Types and Features ](#section-id-149 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Copper Layer ](#section-id-154 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Soldermask ](#section-id-159 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Silkscreen ](#section-id-164 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Standards & QC ](#section-id-169 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCB Assembly ](#section-id-178 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Placement ](#section-id-191 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Paste ](#section-id-208 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Wire ](#section-id-219 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Flux ](#section-id-228 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Flux Remover ](#section-id-235 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Low Melt Alloy ](#section-id-244 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Wick ](#section-id-251 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Heat ](#section-id-258 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA Processes ](#section-id-273 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder through hole components with soldering iron ](#section-id-278 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with soldering iron ](#section-id-283 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with hot air ](#section-id-288 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with oven ](#section-id-293 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with skillet ](#section-id-298 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder BGA components ](#section-id-303 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework through hole components ](#section-id-308 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework SMT components ](#section-id-318 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework BGA components ](#section-id-328 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Create solder paste stencil ](#section-id-333 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ](#section-id-343 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with syringe ](#section-id-348 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ](#section-id-353 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Pot ](#section-id-358 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA Testing ](#section-id-366 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Equipment ](#section-id-371 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [LASER ](#section-id-378 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [CNC ](#section-id-391 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [3D Printer ](#section-id-404 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Station ](#section-id-416 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Pick and Place ](#section-id-445 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Production Boards ](#section-id-457 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Copying / License ](#section-id-466 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-1' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					#Summary  
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA ](#section-id-1 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing ](#section-id-12 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Software ](#section-id-19 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Debian ](#section-id-23 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Other Software ](#section-id-57 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ](#section-id-76 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCB Manufacturing ](#section-id-80 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Board Types and Features ](#section-id-92 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Copper Layer ](#section-id-95 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Soldermask ](#section-id-98 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Silkscreen ](#section-id-101 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Standards & QC ](#section-id-104 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCB Assembly ](#section-id-111 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Placement ](#section-id-122 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Paste ](#section-id-137 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Wire ](#section-id-146 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Flux ](#section-id-153 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Flux Remover ](#section-id-158 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Low Melt Alloy ](#section-id-165 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Wick ](#section-id-170 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Heat ](#section-id-175 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA Processes ](#section-id-188 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder through hole components with soldering iron ](#section-id-191 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with soldering iron ](#section-id-194 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with hot air ](#section-id-197 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with oven ](#section-id-200 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder SMT components with skillet ](#section-id-203 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder BGA components ](#section-id-206 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework through hole components ](#section-id-209 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework SMT components ](#section-id-217 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Rework BGA components ](#section-id-225 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Create solder paste stencil ](#section-id-228 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ](#section-id-236 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with syringe ](#section-id-239 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ](#section-id-242 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Pot ](#section-id-245 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [PCBA Testing ](#section-id-251 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Equipment ](#section-id-254 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [LASER ](#section-id-259 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [CNC ](#section-id-270 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [3D Printer ](#section-id-281 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Solder Station ](#section-id-291 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					  - [Pick and Place ](#section-id-318 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					- [Production Boards ](#section-id-328 )
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-1' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-51' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA
 
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
 
					 
					 
					 
					PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-12' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-57' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
 
					 
					 
					 
					# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
 
					 
					 
					 
					This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
 
					 
					 
					 
					of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -118,18 +9,10 @@ of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace-
 
					 
					 
					 
					Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace-
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					level technology.
 
					 
					 
					 
					level technology.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-19' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-66' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# Software
 
					 
					 
					 
					# Software
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
 
					 
					 
					 
					Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					for the creation of PCBAs.
 
					 
					 
					 
					for the creation of PCBAs.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-23' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-72' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Debian
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Debian
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
 
					 
					 
					 
					The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
 
					 
					 
					 
					Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
							
								 
							 
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
						
					 
					 
					@ -164,10 +47,6 @@ The following Debian packages are NOT in use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* `visolate`  - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* `visolate`  - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-57' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-108' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Other Software
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Other Software
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -187,18 +66,10 @@ https://github.com/openscopeproject/InteractiveHtmlBom
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* [`flatcam` ](http://flatcam.org/ ) --- Free and Open-source PCB CAM.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* [`flatcam` ](http://flatcam.org/ ) --- Free and Open-source PCB CAM.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excellon or G-code, edit it or create from scatch, and output G-Code. Isolation routing is one of many tasks that FlatCAM is perfect for.
 
					 
					 
					 
					FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excellon or G-code, edit it or create from scatch, and output G-Code. Isolation routing is one of many tasks that FlatCAM is perfect for.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-76' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-129' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
 
					 
					 
					 
					To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-80' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-135' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# PCB Manufacturing
 
					 
					 
					 
					# PCB Manufacturing
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
 
					 
					 
					 
					You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
 
					 
					 
					 
					Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -211,38 +82,18 @@ Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Many others that also support KiCAD!
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Many others that also support KiCAD!
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-92' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-149' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Board Types and Features
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Board Types and Features
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					FR1, FR4, etc.
 
					 
					 
					 
					FR1, FR4, etc.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-95' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-154' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Copper Layer
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Copper Layer
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Cu later.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Cu later.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-98' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-159' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Soldermask
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Soldermask
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Green...
 
					 
					 
					 
					Green...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-101' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-164' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Silkscreen
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Silkscreen
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					White...
 
					 
					 
					 
					White...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-104' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-169' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Standards &  QC
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Standards &  QC
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Standards:
 
					 
					 
					 
					Standards:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -250,10 +101,6 @@ Standards:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* cf. NASA Standards.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* cf. NASA Standards.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-111' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-178' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# PCB Assembly
 
					 
					 
					 
					# PCB Assembly
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
 
					 
					 
					 
					You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
 
					 
					 
					 
					or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -265,10 +112,6 @@ DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Solder Components.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Solder Components.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-122' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-191' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Placement
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Placement
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					The many ways to place a part...
 
					 
					 
					 
					The many ways to place a part...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -284,10 +127,6 @@ What method is used depends on the type and size of the part
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT,
 
					 
					 
					 
					and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT,
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					BGA, and through hole parts.
 
					 
					 
					 
					BGA, and through hole parts.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-137' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-208' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Paste
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Paste
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					To solder SMT parts to PCB.
 
					 
					 
					 
					To solder SMT parts to PCB.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -297,10 +136,6 @@ In use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph ZeroLead, 96.5Sn / 3Ag /.5Cu, 10cc syringe.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph ZeroLead, 96.5Sn / 3Ag /.5Cu, 10cc syringe.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-146' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-219' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Wire
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Wire
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					In use:
 
					 
					 
					 
					In use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -308,19 +143,11 @@ In use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Kester Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Kester Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-153' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-228' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Flux
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Flux
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					In use:
 
					 
					 
					 
					In use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Zephlux No Clean Flux, 14 gr. jar.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Zephlux No Clean Flux, 14 gr. jar.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-158' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-235' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Flux Remover
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Flux Remover
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					But you just put flux on...
 
					 
					 
					 
					But you just put flux on...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -328,28 +155,16 @@ In use:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph Flux Remover.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph Flux Remover.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-165' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-244' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Low Melt Alloy
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Low Melt Alloy
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					To desolder, perchance.
 
					 
					 
					 
					To desolder, perchance.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph ZERO No Lead Low Melt.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Zeph ZERO No Lead Low Melt.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-170' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-251' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Wick
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Wick
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					In use: variety sizes.
 
					 
					 
					 
					In use: variety sizes.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-175' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-258' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Heat
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Heat
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					You need to melt that solder...
 
					 
					 
					 
					You need to melt that solder...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -363,59 +178,27 @@ You need to melt that solder...
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Hot air bath.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Hot air bath.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-188' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-273' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA Processes
 
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA Processes
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Working with PCBs and components:
 
					 
					 
					 
					Working with PCBs and components:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-191' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-278' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-194' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-283' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-197' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-288' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with hot air
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with hot air
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-200' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-293' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with oven
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with oven
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-203' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-298' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with skillet
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder SMT components with skillet
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-206' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-303' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder BGA components
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder BGA components
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder BGA components.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Solder BGA components.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-209' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-308' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework through hole components
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework through hole components
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework through hole components.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework through hole components.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -424,10 +207,6 @@ Current Practice:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* [Through Hole Component Removal HOWTO]
 
					 
					 
					 
					* [Through Hole Component Removal HOWTO]
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/through-hole-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
 
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/through-hole-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-217' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-318' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework SMT components
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework SMT components
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework SMT components.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework SMT components.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -436,17 +215,9 @@ Current Practice:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* [SMT Component Removal HOWTO]
 
					 
					 
					 
					* [SMT Component Removal HOWTO]
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/smt-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
 
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/smt-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-225' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-328' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework BGA components
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Rework BGA components
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework BGA components.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Rework BGA components.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-228' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-333' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Create solder paste stencil
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Create solder paste stencil
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -455,57 +226,29 @@ Current Practice:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* [HOWTO create a solder paste stencil with Inkscape]
 
					 
					 
					 
					* [HOWTO create a solder paste stencil with Inkscape]
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/laser-solder-paste-stencil-inkscape.md)
 
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/laser-solder-paste-stencil-inkscape.md)
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-236' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-343' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-239' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-348' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with syringe
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with syringe
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-242' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-353' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-245' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-358' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Pot
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Pot
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Use a solder pot.
 
					 
					 
					 
					HOWTO Use a solder pot.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* [Solder Pot HOWTO]
 
					 
					 
					 
					* [Solder Pot HOWTO]
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/solder-pot-HOWTO.md) 
 
					 
					 
					 
					(HOWTO/solder-pot-HOWTO.md) 
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-251' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-366' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA Testing
 
					 
					 
					 
					# PCBA Testing
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Pins.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Pins.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-254' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-371' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# Equipment
 
					 
					 
					 
					# Equipment
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					The equipment considered is what is generally available to
 
					 
					 
					 
					The equipment considered is what is generally available to
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
 
					 
					 
					 
					hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					wave solder machines.
 
					 
					 
					 
					wave solder machines.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-259' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-378' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## LASER
 
					 
					 
					 
					## LASER
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
 
					 
					 
					 
					LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -517,10 +260,6 @@ Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Board marking, such as serialization.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Board marking, such as serialization.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-270' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-391' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## CNC
 
					 
					 
					 
					## CNC
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Very small CNCs can be used.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Very small CNCs can be used.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -531,11 +270,6 @@ CNCs can be used to:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Drill PCB holes.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Drill PCB holes.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-281' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-404' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## 3D Printer
 
					 
					 
					 
					## 3D Printer
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
 
					 
					 
					 
					RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					3D printers can be used to:
 
					 
					 
					 
					3D printers can be used to:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -546,10 +280,6 @@ RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Make other tools, etc.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Make other tools, etc.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-291' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-416' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Station
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Solder Station
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Solder station tools:
 
					 
					 
					 
					Solder station tools:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
							
								 
							 
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
						
					 
					 
					@ -577,10 +307,6 @@ Solder station tools:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* Solder pot.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* Solder pot.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-318' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-445' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					## Pick and Place
 
					 
					 
					 
					## Pick and Place
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
 
					 
					 
					 
					A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					pick and place machines are available.
 
					 
					 
					 
					pick and place machines are available.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -591,10 +317,6 @@ pick and place machines are available.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					non-commercial design licensed hardware. Manufacturer supplies
 
					 
					 
					 
					non-commercial design licensed hardware. Manufacturer supplies
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					proprietary application.
 
					 
					 
					 
					proprietary application.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-328' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-457' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# Production Boards
 
					 
					 
					 
					# Production Boards
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
 
					 
					 
					 
					Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
	
		
		
			
				
					
						
						
						
							
								 
							 
						
					 
					 
					@ -604,8 +326,6 @@ https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					* ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
 
					 
					 
					 
					* ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
 
					 
					 
					 
					https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					< div  id = 'section-id-466' / > 
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					
 
					 
					 
					 
					 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					# Copying / License
 
					 
					 
					 
					# Copying / License
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					This document is available here:
 
					 
					 
					 
					This document is available here:
 
				
			 
			
		
	
		
		
			
				
					
					 
					 
					 
					https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
 
					 
					 
					 
					https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md