@ -1,116 +1,7 @@
#Summary
- [Summary ](#section-id-1 )
- [PCBA ](#section-id-51 )
- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing ](#section-id-57 )
- [Software ](#section-id-66 )
- [Debian ](#section-id-72 )
- [Other Software ](#section-id-108 )
- [Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ](#section-id-129 )
- [PCB Manufacturing ](#section-id-135 )
- [Board Types and Features ](#section-id-149 )
- [Copper Layer ](#section-id-154 )
- [Soldermask ](#section-id-159 )
- [Silkscreen ](#section-id-164 )
- [Standards & QC ](#section-id-169 )
- [PCB Assembly ](#section-id-178 )
- [Placement ](#section-id-191 )
- [Solder Paste ](#section-id-208 )
- [Solder Wire ](#section-id-219 )
- [Flux ](#section-id-228 )
- [Flux Remover ](#section-id-235 )
- [Low Melt Alloy ](#section-id-244 )
- [Solder Wick ](#section-id-251 )
- [Heat ](#section-id-258 )
- [PCBA Processes ](#section-id-273 )
- [Solder through hole components with soldering iron ](#section-id-278 )
- [Solder SMT components with soldering iron ](#section-id-283 )
- [Solder SMT components with hot air ](#section-id-288 )
- [Solder SMT components with oven ](#section-id-293 )
- [Solder SMT components with skillet ](#section-id-298 )
- [Solder BGA components ](#section-id-303 )
- [Rework through hole components ](#section-id-308 )
- [Rework SMT components ](#section-id-318 )
- [Rework BGA components ](#section-id-328 )
- [Create solder paste stencil ](#section-id-333 )
- [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ](#section-id-343 )
- [Apply solder paste with syringe ](#section-id-348 )
- [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ](#section-id-353 )
- [Solder Pot ](#section-id-358 )
- [PCBA Testing ](#section-id-366 )
- [Equipment ](#section-id-371 )
- [LASER ](#section-id-378 )
- [CNC ](#section-id-391 )
- [3D Printer ](#section-id-404 )
- [Solder Station ](#section-id-416 )
- [Pick and Place ](#section-id-445 )
- [Production Boards ](#section-id-457 )
- [Copying / License ](#section-id-466 )
< div id = 'section-id-1' / >
#Summary
- [PCBA ](#section-id-1 )
- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing ](#section-id-12 )
- [Software ](#section-id-19 )
- [Debian ](#section-id-23 )
- [Other Software ](#section-id-57 )
- [Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ](#section-id-76 )
- [PCB Manufacturing ](#section-id-80 )
- [Board Types and Features ](#section-id-92 )
- [Copper Layer ](#section-id-95 )
- [Soldermask ](#section-id-98 )
- [Silkscreen ](#section-id-101 )
- [Standards & QC ](#section-id-104 )
- [PCB Assembly ](#section-id-111 )
- [Placement ](#section-id-122 )
- [Solder Paste ](#section-id-137 )
- [Solder Wire ](#section-id-146 )
- [Flux ](#section-id-153 )
- [Flux Remover ](#section-id-158 )
- [Low Melt Alloy ](#section-id-165 )
- [Solder Wick ](#section-id-170 )
- [Heat ](#section-id-175 )
- [PCBA Processes ](#section-id-188 )
- [Solder through hole components with soldering iron ](#section-id-191 )
- [Solder SMT components with soldering iron ](#section-id-194 )
- [Solder SMT components with hot air ](#section-id-197 )
- [Solder SMT components with oven ](#section-id-200 )
- [Solder SMT components with skillet ](#section-id-203 )
- [Solder BGA components ](#section-id-206 )
- [Rework through hole components ](#section-id-209 )
- [Rework SMT components ](#section-id-217 )
- [Rework BGA components ](#section-id-225 )
- [Create solder paste stencil ](#section-id-228 )
- [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ](#section-id-236 )
- [Apply solder paste with syringe ](#section-id-239 )
- [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ](#section-id-242 )
- [Solder Pot ](#section-id-245 )
- [PCBA Testing ](#section-id-251 )
- [Equipment ](#section-id-254 )
- [LASER ](#section-id-259 )
- [CNC ](#section-id-270 )
- [3D Printer ](#section-id-281 )
- [Solder Station ](#section-id-291 )
- [Pick and Place ](#section-id-318 )
- [Production Boards ](#section-id-328 )
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# PCBA
PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
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# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
@ -118,18 +9,10 @@ of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace-
level technology.
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# Software
Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
for the creation of PCBAs.
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## Debian
The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
@ -164,10 +47,6 @@ The following Debian packages are NOT in use:
* `visolate` - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs.
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## Other Software
Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
@ -187,18 +66,10 @@ https://github.com/openscopeproject/InteractiveHtmlBom
* [`flatcam` ](http://flatcam.org/ ) --- Free and Open-source PCB CAM.
FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excellon or G-code, edit it or create from scatch, and output G-Code. Isolation routing is one of many tasks that FlatCAM is perfect for.
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## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
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# PCB Manufacturing
You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
@ -211,38 +82,18 @@ Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
* Many others that also support KiCAD!
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## Board Types and Features
FR1, FR4, etc.
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## Copper Layer
Cu later.
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## Soldermask
Green...
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## Silkscreen
White...
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## Standards & QC
Standards:
@ -250,10 +101,6 @@ Standards:
* cf. NASA Standards.
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# PCB Assembly
You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
@ -265,10 +112,6 @@ DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to:
* Solder Components.
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## Placement
The many ways to place a part...
@ -284,10 +127,6 @@ What method is used depends on the type and size of the part
and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT,
BGA, and through hole parts.
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## Solder Paste
To solder SMT parts to PCB.
@ -297,10 +136,6 @@ In use:
* Zeph ZeroLead, 96.5Sn / 3Ag /.5Cu, 10cc syringe.
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## Solder Wire
In use:
@ -308,19 +143,11 @@ In use:
* Kester Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm.
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## Flux
In use:
* Zephlux No Clean Flux, 14 gr. jar.
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## Flux Remover
But you just put flux on...
@ -328,28 +155,16 @@ In use:
* Zeph Flux Remover.
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## Low Melt Alloy
To desolder, perchance.
* Zeph ZERO No Lead Low Melt.
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## Solder Wick
Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
In use: variety sizes.
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## Heat
You need to melt that solder...
@ -363,59 +178,27 @@ You need to melt that solder...
* Hot air bath.
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# PCBA Processes
Working with PCBs and components:
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## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
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## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
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## Solder SMT components with hot air
HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
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## Solder SMT components with oven
HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
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## Solder SMT components with skillet
HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
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## Solder BGA components
HOWTO Solder BGA components.
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## Rework through hole components
HOWTO Rework through hole components.
@ -424,10 +207,6 @@ Current Practice:
* [Through Hole Component Removal HOWTO]
(HOWTO/through-hole-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
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## Rework SMT components
HOWTO Rework SMT components.
@ -436,17 +215,9 @@ Current Practice:
* [SMT Component Removal HOWTO]
(HOWTO/smt-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
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## Rework BGA components
HOWTO Rework BGA components.
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## Create solder paste stencil
HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
@ -455,57 +226,29 @@ Current Practice:
* [HOWTO create a solder paste stencil with Inkscape]
(HOWTO/laser-solder-paste-stencil-inkscape.md)
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## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
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## Apply solder paste with syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
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## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
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## Solder Pot
HOWTO Use a solder pot.
* [Solder Pot HOWTO]
(HOWTO/solder-pot-HOWTO.md)
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# PCBA Testing
Pins.
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# Equipment
The equipment considered is what is generally available to
hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
wave solder machines.
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## LASER
LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
@ -517,10 +260,6 @@ Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers.
* Board marking, such as serialization.
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## CNC
Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
Very small CNCs can be used.
@ -531,11 +270,6 @@ CNCs can be used to:
* Drill PCB holes.
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## 3D Printer
RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
3D printers can be used to:
@ -546,10 +280,6 @@ RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
* Make other tools, etc.
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## Solder Station
Solder station tools:
@ -577,10 +307,6 @@ Solder station tools:
* Solder pot.
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## Pick and Place
A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
pick and place machines are available.
@ -591,10 +317,6 @@ pick and place machines are available.
non-commercial design licensed hardware. Manufacturer supplies
proprietary application.
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# Production Boards
Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
@ -604,8 +326,6 @@ https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard
* ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
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# Copying / License
This document is available here:
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
Jeff Moe
6 years ago