@ -1,3 +1,57 @@
#Summary
- [PCBA ](#section-id-1 )
- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing ](#section-id-12 )
- [Software ](#section-id-19 )
- [Debian ](#section-id-23 )
- [Other Software ](#section-id-57 )
- [Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ](#section-id-76 )
- [PCB Manufacturing ](#section-id-80 )
- [Board Types and Features ](#section-id-92 )
- [Copper Layer ](#section-id-95 )
- [Soldermask ](#section-id-98 )
- [Silkscreen ](#section-id-101 )
- [Standards & QC ](#section-id-104 )
- [PCB Assembly ](#section-id-111 )
- [Placement ](#section-id-122 )
- [Solder Paste ](#section-id-137 )
- [Solder Wire ](#section-id-146 )
- [Flux ](#section-id-153 )
- [Flux Remover ](#section-id-158 )
- [Low Melt Alloy ](#section-id-165 )
- [Solder Wick ](#section-id-170 )
- [Heat ](#section-id-175 )
- [PCBA Processes ](#section-id-188 )
- [Solder through hole components with soldering iron ](#section-id-191 )
- [Solder SMT components with soldering iron ](#section-id-194 )
- [Solder SMT components with hot air ](#section-id-197 )
- [Solder SMT components with oven ](#section-id-200 )
- [Solder SMT components with skillet ](#section-id-203 )
- [Solder BGA components ](#section-id-206 )
- [Rework through hole components ](#section-id-209 )
- [Rework SMT components ](#section-id-217 )
- [Rework BGA components ](#section-id-225 )
- [Create solder paste stencil ](#section-id-228 )
- [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ](#section-id-236 )
- [Apply solder paste with syringe ](#section-id-239 )
- [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ](#section-id-242 )
- [Solder Pot ](#section-id-245 )
- [PCBA Testing ](#section-id-251 )
- [Equipment ](#section-id-254 )
- [LASER ](#section-id-259 )
- [CNC ](#section-id-270 )
- [3D Printer ](#section-id-281 )
- [Solder Station ](#section-id-291 )
- [Pick and Place ](#section-id-318 )
- [Production Boards ](#section-id-328 )
- [Some thing else ](#section-id-337 )
- [and more ](#section-id-340 )
- [and ](#section-id-343 )
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# PCBA
PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
@ -9,6 +63,8 @@ Other code licensed under their own respective licenses.
Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc.
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# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
@ -16,10 +72,14 @@ of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
Focus is particularly on tools that can be used with hackerspace-
level technology.
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# Software
Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
for the creation of PCBAs.
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## Debian
The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
@ -54,6 +114,8 @@ The following Debian packages are NOT in use:
* `visolate` - tool for engraving PCBs using CNCs.
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## Other Software
Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
@ -73,10 +135,14 @@ https://github.com/openscopeproject/InteractiveHtmlBom
* [`flatcam` ](http://flatcam.org/ ) --- Free and Open-source PCB CAM.
FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excellon or G-code, edit it or create from scatch, and output G-Code. Isolation routing is one of many tasks that FlatCAM is perfect for.
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## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
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# PCB Manufacturing
You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
@ -89,18 +155,28 @@ Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
* Many others that also support KiCAD!
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## Board Types and Features
FR1, FR4, etc.
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## Copper Layer
Cu later.
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## Soldermask
Green...
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## Silkscreen
White...
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## Standards & QC
Standards:
@ -108,6 +184,8 @@ Standards:
* cf. NASA Standards.
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# PCB Assembly
You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
@ -119,6 +197,8 @@ DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to:
* Solder Components.
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## Placement
The many ways to place a part...
@ -134,6 +214,8 @@ What method is used depends on the type and size of the part
and what equipment is available. We'll be working with SMT,
BGA, and through hole parts.
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## Solder Paste
To solder SMT parts to PCB.
@ -143,6 +225,8 @@ In use:
* Zeph ZeroLead, 96.5Sn / 3Ag /.5Cu, 10cc syringe.
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## Solder Wire
In use:
@ -150,11 +234,15 @@ In use:
* Kester Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, no clean, no lead, 0.8mm.
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## Flux
In use:
* Zephlux No Clean Flux, 14 gr. jar.
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## Flux Remover
But you just put flux on...
@ -162,16 +250,22 @@ In use:
* Zeph Flux Remover.
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## Low Melt Alloy
To desolder, perchance.
* Zeph ZERO No Lead Low Melt.
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## Solder Wick
Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
In use: variety sizes.
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## Heat
You need to melt that solder...
@ -185,27 +279,43 @@ You need to melt that solder...
* Hot air bath.
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# PCBA Processes
Working with PCBs and components:
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## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
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## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
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## Solder SMT components with hot air
HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
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## Solder SMT components with oven
HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
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## Solder SMT components with skillet
HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
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## Solder BGA components
HOWTO Solder BGA components.
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## Rework through hole components
HOWTO Rework through hole components.
@ -214,6 +324,8 @@ Current Practice:
* [Through Hole Component Removal HOWTO]
(HOWTO/through-hole-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
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## Rework SMT components
HOWTO Rework SMT components.
@ -222,9 +334,13 @@ Current Practice:
* [SMT Component Removal HOWTO]
(HOWTO/smt-component-removal-HOWTO.md)
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## Rework BGA components
HOWTO Rework BGA components.
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## Create solder paste stencil
HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
@ -233,29 +349,43 @@ Current Practice:
* [HOWTO create a solder paste stencil with Inkscape]
(HOWTO/laser-solder-paste-stencil-inkscape.md)
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## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
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## Apply solder paste with syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
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## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
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## Solder Pot
HOWTO Use a solder pot.
* [Solder Pot HOWTO]
(HOWTO/solder-pot-HOWTO.md)
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# PCBA Testing
Pins.
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# Equipment
The equipment considered is what is generally available to
hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
wave solder machines.
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## LASER
LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
@ -267,6 +397,8 @@ Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers.
* Board marking, such as serialization.
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## CNC
Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
Very small CNCs can be used.
@ -278,6 +410,8 @@ CNCs can be used to:
* Drill PCB holes.
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## 3D Printer
RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
3D printers can be used to:
@ -288,6 +422,8 @@ RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
* Make other tools, etc.
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## Solder Station
Solder station tools:
@ -315,6 +451,8 @@ Solder station tools:
* Solder pot.
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## Pick and Place
A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
pick and place machines are available.
@ -325,6 +463,8 @@ pick and place machines are available.
non-commercial design licensed hardware. Manufacturer supplies
proprietary application.
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# Production Boards
Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
@ -333,3 +473,18 @@ https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard
* ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
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# Some thing else
foo
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## and more
this
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## and
that
Jeff Moe
5 years ago