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README.md
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#Summary #Summary
- [Summary](#section-id-1)
- [PCBA](#section-id-51)
- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-57)
- [Software](#section-id-66)
- [Debian](#section-id-72)
- [Other Software](#section-id-108)
- [Electronic Design Automation (EDA)](#section-id-129)
- [PCB Manufacturing](#section-id-135)
- [Board Types and Features](#section-id-149)
- [Copper Layer](#section-id-154)
- [Soldermask](#section-id-159)
- [Silkscreen](#section-id-164)
- [Standards & QC](#section-id-169)
- [PCB Assembly](#section-id-178)
- [Placement](#section-id-191)
- [Solder Paste](#section-id-208)
- [Solder Wire](#section-id-219)
- [Flux](#section-id-228)
- [Flux Remover](#section-id-235)
- [Low Melt Alloy](#section-id-244)
- [Solder Wick](#section-id-251)
- [Heat](#section-id-258)
- [PCBA Processes](#section-id-273)
- [Solder through hole components with soldering iron](#section-id-278)
- [Solder SMT components with soldering iron](#section-id-283)
- [Solder SMT components with hot air](#section-id-288)
- [Solder SMT components with oven](#section-id-293)
- [Solder SMT components with skillet](#section-id-298)
- [Solder BGA components](#section-id-303)
- [Rework through hole components](#section-id-308)
- [Rework SMT components](#section-id-318)
- [Rework BGA components](#section-id-328)
- [Create solder paste stencil](#section-id-333)
- [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask](#section-id-343)
- [Apply solder paste with syringe](#section-id-348)
- [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe](#section-id-353)
- [Solder Pot](#section-id-358)
- [PCBA Testing](#section-id-366)
- [Equipment](#section-id-371)
- [LASER](#section-id-378)
- [CNC](#section-id-391)
- [3D Printer](#section-id-404)
- [Solder Station](#section-id-416)
- [Pick and Place](#section-id-445)
- [Production Boards](#section-id-457)
- [Copying / License](#section-id-466)
<div id='section-id-1'/>
#Summary
- [PCBA](#section-id-1) - [PCBA](#section-id-1)
- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-12) - [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-12)
- [Software](#section-id-19) - [Software](#section-id-19)
@ -44,27 +97,20 @@
- [Solder Station](#section-id-291) - [Solder Station](#section-id-291)
- [Pick and Place](#section-id-318) - [Pick and Place](#section-id-318)
- [Production Boards](#section-id-328) - [Production Boards](#section-id-328)
- [Some thing else](#section-id-337)
- [and more](#section-id-340)
- [and](#section-id-343)
<div id='section-id-1'/> <div id='section-id-1'/>
<div id='section-id-51'/>
# PCBA # PCBA
PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs. PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
This document is available here:
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
License: CC By SA 4.0 International and/or GPLv3+ at your discretion.
Other code licensed under their own respective licenses.
Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc.
<div id='section-id-12'/> <div id='section-id-12'/>
<div id='section-id-57'/>
# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing # Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies). of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
@ -74,12 +120,16 @@ level technology.
<div id='section-id-19'/> <div id='section-id-19'/>
<div id='section-id-66'/>
# Software # Software
Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
for the creation of PCBAs. for the creation of PCBAs.
<div id='section-id-23'/> <div id='section-id-23'/>
<div id='section-id-72'/>
## Debian ## Debian
The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
@ -116,6 +166,8 @@ The following Debian packages are NOT in use:
<div id='section-id-57'/> <div id='section-id-57'/>
<div id='section-id-108'/>
## Other Software ## Other Software
Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses. Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
@ -137,12 +189,16 @@ FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excello
<div id='section-id-76'/> <div id='section-id-76'/>
<div id='section-id-129'/>
## Electronic Design Automation (EDA) ## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
To design PCBs, KiCAD is used. To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
Export Gerber files for manufacturing. Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
<div id='section-id-80'/> <div id='section-id-80'/>
<div id='section-id-135'/>
# PCB Manufacturing # PCB Manufacturing
You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers. You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
Recommended suppliers (amongst many): Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
@ -157,26 +213,36 @@ Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
<div id='section-id-92'/> <div id='section-id-92'/>
<div id='section-id-149'/>
## Board Types and Features ## Board Types and Features
FR1, FR4, etc. FR1, FR4, etc.
<div id='section-id-95'/> <div id='section-id-95'/>
<div id='section-id-154'/>
## Copper Layer ## Copper Layer
Cu later. Cu later.
<div id='section-id-98'/> <div id='section-id-98'/>
<div id='section-id-159'/>
## Soldermask ## Soldermask
Green... Green...
<div id='section-id-101'/> <div id='section-id-101'/>
<div id='section-id-164'/>
## Silkscreen ## Silkscreen
White... White...
<div id='section-id-104'/> <div id='section-id-104'/>
<div id='section-id-169'/>
## Standards & QC ## Standards & QC
Standards: Standards:
@ -186,6 +252,8 @@ Standards:
<div id='section-id-111'/> <div id='section-id-111'/>
<div id='section-id-178'/>
# PCB Assembly # PCB Assembly
You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress, You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
@ -199,6 +267,8 @@ DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to:
<div id='section-id-122'/> <div id='section-id-122'/>
<div id='section-id-191'/>
## Placement ## Placement
The many ways to place a part... The many ways to place a part...
@ -216,6 +286,8 @@ BGA, and through hole parts.
<div id='section-id-137'/> <div id='section-id-137'/>
<div id='section-id-208'/>
## Solder Paste ## Solder Paste
To solder SMT parts to PCB. To solder SMT parts to PCB.
@ -227,6 +299,8 @@ In use:
<div id='section-id-146'/> <div id='section-id-146'/>
<div id='section-id-219'/>
## Solder Wire ## Solder Wire
In use: In use:
@ -236,6 +310,8 @@ In use:
<div id='section-id-153'/> <div id='section-id-153'/>
<div id='section-id-228'/>
## Flux ## Flux
In use: In use:
@ -243,6 +319,8 @@ In use:
<div id='section-id-158'/> <div id='section-id-158'/>
<div id='section-id-235'/>
## Flux Remover ## Flux Remover
But you just put flux on... But you just put flux on...
@ -252,6 +330,8 @@ In use:
<div id='section-id-165'/> <div id='section-id-165'/>
<div id='section-id-244'/>
## Low Melt Alloy ## Low Melt Alloy
To desolder, perchance. To desolder, perchance.
@ -259,6 +339,8 @@ To desolder, perchance.
<div id='section-id-170'/> <div id='section-id-170'/>
<div id='section-id-251'/>
## Solder Wick ## Solder Wick
Solder wick, aka desoldering wire. Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
@ -266,6 +348,8 @@ In use: variety sizes.
<div id='section-id-175'/> <div id='section-id-175'/>
<div id='section-id-258'/>
## Heat ## Heat
You need to melt that solder... You need to melt that solder...
@ -281,41 +365,57 @@ You need to melt that solder...
<div id='section-id-188'/> <div id='section-id-188'/>
<div id='section-id-273'/>
# PCBA Processes # PCBA Processes
Working with PCBs and components: Working with PCBs and components:
<div id='section-id-191'/> <div id='section-id-191'/>
<div id='section-id-278'/>
## Solder through hole components with soldering iron ## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering. HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
<div id='section-id-194'/> <div id='section-id-194'/>
<div id='section-id-283'/>
## Solder SMT components with soldering iron ## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron. HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
<div id='section-id-197'/> <div id='section-id-197'/>
<div id='section-id-288'/>
## Solder SMT components with hot air ## Solder SMT components with hot air
HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air. HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
<div id='section-id-200'/> <div id='section-id-200'/>
<div id='section-id-293'/>
## Solder SMT components with oven ## Solder SMT components with oven
HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven. HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
<div id='section-id-203'/> <div id='section-id-203'/>
<div id='section-id-298'/>
## Solder SMT components with skillet ## Solder SMT components with skillet
HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet. HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
<div id='section-id-206'/> <div id='section-id-206'/>
<div id='section-id-303'/>
## Solder BGA components ## Solder BGA components
HOWTO Solder BGA components. HOWTO Solder BGA components.
<div id='section-id-209'/> <div id='section-id-209'/>
<div id='section-id-308'/>
## Rework through hole components ## Rework through hole components
HOWTO Rework through hole components. HOWTO Rework through hole components.
@ -326,6 +426,8 @@ Current Practice:
<div id='section-id-217'/> <div id='section-id-217'/>
<div id='section-id-318'/>
## Rework SMT components ## Rework SMT components
HOWTO Rework SMT components. HOWTO Rework SMT components.
@ -336,11 +438,15 @@ Current Practice:
<div id='section-id-225'/> <div id='section-id-225'/>
<div id='section-id-328'/>
## Rework BGA components ## Rework BGA components
HOWTO Rework BGA components. HOWTO Rework BGA components.
<div id='section-id-228'/> <div id='section-id-228'/>
<div id='section-id-333'/>
## Create solder paste stencil ## Create solder paste stencil
HOWTO Create solder paste stencil. HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
@ -351,21 +457,29 @@ Current Practice:
<div id='section-id-236'/> <div id='section-id-236'/>
<div id='section-id-343'/>
## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask ## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask. HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
<div id='section-id-239'/> <div id='section-id-239'/>
<div id='section-id-348'/>
## Apply solder paste with syringe ## Apply solder paste with syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe. HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
<div id='section-id-242'/> <div id='section-id-242'/>
<div id='section-id-353'/>
## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe ## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe. HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
<div id='section-id-245'/> <div id='section-id-245'/>
<div id='section-id-358'/>
## Solder Pot ## Solder Pot
HOWTO Use a solder pot. HOWTO Use a solder pot.
@ -374,11 +488,15 @@ HOWTO Use a solder pot.
<div id='section-id-251'/> <div id='section-id-251'/>
<div id='section-id-366'/>
# PCBA Testing # PCBA Testing
Pins. Pins.
<div id='section-id-254'/> <div id='section-id-254'/>
<div id='section-id-371'/>
# Equipment # Equipment
The equipment considered is what is generally available to The equipment considered is what is generally available to
hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
@ -386,6 +504,8 @@ wave solder machines.
<div id='section-id-259'/> <div id='section-id-259'/>
<div id='section-id-378'/>
## LASER ## LASER
LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs. LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces. Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
@ -399,6 +519,8 @@ Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers.
<div id='section-id-270'/> <div id='section-id-270'/>
<div id='section-id-391'/>
## CNC ## CNC
Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly. Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
Very small CNCs can be used. Very small CNCs can be used.
@ -412,6 +534,8 @@ CNCs can be used to:
<div id='section-id-281'/> <div id='section-id-281'/>
<div id='section-id-404'/>
## 3D Printer ## 3D Printer
RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces. RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
3D printers can be used to: 3D printers can be used to:
@ -424,6 +548,8 @@ RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
<div id='section-id-291'/> <div id='section-id-291'/>
<div id='section-id-416'/>
## Solder Station ## Solder Station
Solder station tools: Solder station tools:
@ -453,6 +579,8 @@ Solder station tools:
<div id='section-id-318'/> <div id='section-id-318'/>
<div id='section-id-445'/>
## Pick and Place ## Pick and Place
A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
pick and place machines are available. pick and place machines are available.
@ -465,6 +593,8 @@ proprietary application.
<div id='section-id-328'/> <div id='section-id-328'/>
<div id='section-id-457'/>
# Production Boards # Production Boards
Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured. Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
@ -474,17 +604,14 @@ https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard
* ULX3X --- ECP5 board. * ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
<div id='section-id-337'/> <div id='section-id-466'/>
# Some thing else
foo
<div id='section-id-340'/> # Copying / License
This document is available here:
https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
## and more License: CC By SA 4.0 International and/or GPLv3+ at your discretion.
this Other code licensed under their own respective licenses.
<div id='section-id-343'/> Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc.
## and
that

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