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@ -1,5 +1,58 @@
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#Summary
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- [Summary](#section-id-1)
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- [PCBA](#section-id-51)
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- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-57)
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|
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- [Software](#section-id-66)
|
|
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- [Debian](#section-id-72)
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- [Other Software](#section-id-108)
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|
|
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- [Electronic Design Automation (EDA)](#section-id-129)
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- [PCB Manufacturing](#section-id-135)
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- [Board Types and Features](#section-id-149)
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- [Copper Layer](#section-id-154)
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- [Soldermask](#section-id-159)
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- [Silkscreen](#section-id-164)
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- [Standards & QC](#section-id-169)
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- [PCB Assembly](#section-id-178)
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- [Placement](#section-id-191)
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- [Solder Paste](#section-id-208)
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- [Solder Wire](#section-id-219)
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- [Flux](#section-id-228)
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- [Flux Remover](#section-id-235)
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- [Low Melt Alloy](#section-id-244)
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- [Solder Wick](#section-id-251)
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- [Heat](#section-id-258)
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|
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- [PCBA Processes](#section-id-273)
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|
|
- [Solder through hole components with soldering iron](#section-id-278)
|
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|
|
|
- [Solder SMT components with soldering iron](#section-id-283)
|
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|
|
- [Solder SMT components with hot air](#section-id-288)
|
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|
|
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- [Solder SMT components with oven](#section-id-293)
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- [Solder SMT components with skillet](#section-id-298)
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- [Solder BGA components](#section-id-303)
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|
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- [Rework through hole components](#section-id-308)
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- [Rework SMT components](#section-id-318)
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- [Rework BGA components](#section-id-328)
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- [Create solder paste stencil](#section-id-333)
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- [Apply solder paste with solder paste mask](#section-id-343)
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- [Apply solder paste with syringe](#section-id-348)
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- [Apply solder paste with electronic syringe](#section-id-353)
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- [Solder Pot](#section-id-358)
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- [PCBA Testing](#section-id-366)
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- [Equipment](#section-id-371)
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- [LASER](#section-id-378)
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- [CNC](#section-id-391)
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- [3D Printer](#section-id-404)
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- [Solder Station](#section-id-416)
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- [Pick and Place](#section-id-445)
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- [Production Boards](#section-id-457)
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- [Copying / License](#section-id-466)
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<div id='section-id-1'/>
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#Summary
|
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|
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|
- [PCBA](#section-id-1)
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- [Prototype PCBA Manufacturing](#section-id-12)
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- [Software](#section-id-19)
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@ -44,27 +97,20 @@
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- [Solder Station](#section-id-291)
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- [Pick and Place](#section-id-318)
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- [Production Boards](#section-id-328)
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- [Some thing else](#section-id-337)
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- [and more](#section-id-340)
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- [and](#section-id-343)
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<div id='section-id-1'/>
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<div id='section-id-51'/>
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# PCBA
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PCB Assembly. Soldering. SMT. Thru hole. Stencils. Paste. Equipment. Tools. HOWTOs.
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This document is available here:
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https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
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License: CC By SA 4.0 International and/or GPLv3+ at your discretion.
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Other code licensed under their own respective licenses.
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Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc.
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<div id='section-id-12'/>
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<div id='section-id-57'/>
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# Prototype PCBA Manufacturing
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|
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This documents free software and open source hardware manufacturing
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of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).
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@ -74,12 +120,16 @@ level technology.
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<div id='section-id-19'/>
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<div id='section-id-66'/>
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# Software
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Various Free Software (as defined by FSF) applications available
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for the creation of PCBAs.
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<div id='section-id-23'/>
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<div id='section-id-72'/>
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## Debian
|
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|
|
The below packages are in Debian Buster. Note, even though it is in
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|
|
Debian, you may want to build some of these packages from scratch
|
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|
|
@ -116,6 +166,8 @@ The following Debian packages are NOT in use:
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<div id='section-id-57'/>
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<div id='section-id-108'/>
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## Other Software
|
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|
|
Other PCBA software available under Free Software licenses.
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@ -137,12 +189,16 @@ FlatCAM lets you take your designs to a CNC router. You can open Gerber, Excello
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<div id='section-id-76'/>
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<div id='section-id-129'/>
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## Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
|
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|
|
To design PCBs, KiCAD is used.
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|
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Export Gerber files for manufacturing.
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<div id='section-id-80'/>
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<div id='section-id-135'/>
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|
|
# PCB Manufacturing
|
|
|
|
|
You can make your own PCB or have them made by numerous suppliers.
|
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|
|
Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
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|
@ -157,26 +213,36 @@ Recommended suppliers (amongst many):
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<div id='section-id-92'/>
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<div id='section-id-149'/>
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## Board Types and Features
|
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|
FR1, FR4, etc.
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<div id='section-id-95'/>
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<div id='section-id-154'/>
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## Copper Layer
|
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Cu later.
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<div id='section-id-98'/>
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<div id='section-id-159'/>
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## Soldermask
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Green...
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<div id='section-id-101'/>
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<div id='section-id-164'/>
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## Silkscreen
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|
White...
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<div id='section-id-104'/>
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<div id='section-id-169'/>
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## Standards & QC
|
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|
Standards:
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|
@ -186,6 +252,8 @@ Standards:
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<div id='section-id-111'/>
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<div id='section-id-178'/>
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|
|
# PCB Assembly
|
|
|
|
|
You can have a board assembled by a house such as ProtoExpress,
|
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|
|
or you can assemble it yourself. There is an endless variety of
|
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|
|
@ -199,6 +267,8 @@ DIY approaches to this. This you have the PCB finished. You need to:
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|
<div id='section-id-122'/>
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<div id='section-id-191'/>
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## Placement
|
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|
|
The many ways to place a part...
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|
@ -216,6 +286,8 @@ BGA, and through hole parts.
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|
<div id='section-id-137'/>
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<div id='section-id-208'/>
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|
## Solder Paste
|
|
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|
|
To solder SMT parts to PCB.
|
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|
|
@ -227,6 +299,8 @@ In use:
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<div id='section-id-146'/>
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<div id='section-id-219'/>
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|
## Solder Wire
|
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|
|
In use:
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|
@ -236,6 +310,8 @@ In use:
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|
<div id='section-id-153'/>
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<div id='section-id-228'/>
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|
## Flux
|
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|
|
In use:
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|
@ -243,6 +319,8 @@ In use:
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<div id='section-id-158'/>
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<div id='section-id-235'/>
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
## Flux Remover
|
|
|
|
|
But you just put flux on...
|
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|
|
@ -252,6 +330,8 @@ In use:
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|
<div id='section-id-165'/>
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<div id='section-id-244'/>
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|
|
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|
|
## Low Melt Alloy
|
|
|
|
|
To desolder, perchance.
|
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@ -259,6 +339,8 @@ To desolder, perchance.
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|
<div id='section-id-170'/>
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<div id='section-id-251'/>
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|
|
## Solder Wick
|
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|
|
|
Solder wick, aka desoldering wire.
|
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@ -266,6 +348,8 @@ In use: variety sizes.
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<div id='section-id-175'/>
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<div id='section-id-258'/>
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## Heat
|
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|
|
|
You need to melt that solder...
|
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|
@ -281,41 +365,57 @@ You need to melt that solder...
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|
<div id='section-id-188'/>
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|
<div id='section-id-273'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# PCBA Processes
|
|
|
|
|
Working with PCBs and components:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-191'/>
|
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|
<div id='section-id-278'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder through hole components with soldering iron
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO solder through hole components to a PCB with soldering.
|
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|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-194'/>
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|
<div id='section-id-283'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder SMT components with soldering iron
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Solder SMT components with soldering iron.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-197'/>
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-288'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder SMT components with hot air
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Solder SMT components with hot air.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-200'/>
|
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|
<div id='section-id-293'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder SMT components with oven
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Solder SMT components with oven.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-203'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-298'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder SMT components with skillet
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Solder SMT components with skillet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-206'/>
|
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|
<div id='section-id-303'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Solder BGA components
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Solder BGA components.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-209'/>
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-308'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Rework through hole components
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Rework through hole components.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -326,6 +426,8 @@ Current Practice:
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-217'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-318'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Rework SMT components
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Rework SMT components.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -336,11 +438,15 @@ Current Practice:
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<div id='section-id-225'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-328'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Rework BGA components
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Rework BGA components.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-228'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-333'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Create solder paste stencil
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Create solder paste stencil.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -351,21 +457,29 @@ Current Practice:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-236'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-343'/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Apply solder paste with solder paste mask
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Apply solder paste with solder paste mask.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-239'/>
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-348'/>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Apply solder paste with syringe
|
|
|
|
|
HOWTO Apply solder paste with syringe.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id='section-id-242'/>
|
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|
|
<div id='section-id-353'/>
|
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## Apply solder paste with electronic syringe
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HOWTO Apply solder paste with electronic syringe.
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<div id='section-id-245'/>
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<div id='section-id-358'/>
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## Solder Pot
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HOWTO Use a solder pot.
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@ -374,11 +488,15 @@ HOWTO Use a solder pot.
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<div id='section-id-251'/>
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<div id='section-id-366'/>
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# PCBA Testing
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Pins.
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<div id='section-id-254'/>
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<div id='section-id-371'/>
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# Equipment
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The equipment considered is what is generally available to
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hackerspaces. This leaves out industrial gear like large
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@ -386,6 +504,8 @@ wave solder machines.
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<div id='section-id-259'/>
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<div id='section-id-378'/>
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## LASER
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LASERS can serve a few purposes in manufacturing PCBAs.
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Inexpensive LASER cutters are available at many hackerspaces.
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@ -399,6 +519,8 @@ Inexpensive LASERs can be retrofit to RepRap 3D printers.
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<div id='section-id-270'/>
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<div id='section-id-391'/>
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## CNC
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Large CNCs are overkill for PCBA assembly.
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Very small CNCs can be used.
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@ -412,6 +534,8 @@ CNCs can be used to:
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<div id='section-id-281'/>
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<div id='section-id-404'/>
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## 3D Printer
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RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
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3D printers can be used to:
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@ -424,6 +548,8 @@ RepRap 3D printers are available at many hackerspaces.
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<div id='section-id-291'/>
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<div id='section-id-416'/>
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## Solder Station
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Solder station tools:
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@ -453,6 +579,8 @@ Solder station tools:
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<div id='section-id-318'/>
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<div id='section-id-445'/>
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## Pick and Place
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A variety of free software compatible and open source hardware
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pick and place machines are available.
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@ -465,6 +593,8 @@ proprietary application.
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<div id='section-id-328'/>
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<div id='section-id-457'/>
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# Production Boards
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Boards manufactured or slated to be manufactured.
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@ -474,17 +604,14 @@ https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-TrellisBoard
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* ULX3X --- ECP5 board.
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https://code.forksand.com/forksand/fs-ulx3s
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<div id='section-id-337'/>
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# Some thing else
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foo
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<div id='section-id-466'/>
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<div id='section-id-340'/>
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# Copying / License
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This document is available here:
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https://code.forksand.com/forksand/pcba/src/branch/master/README.md
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## and more
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this
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License: CC By SA 4.0 International and/or GPLv3+ at your discretion.
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Other code licensed under their own respective licenses.
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<div id='section-id-343'/>
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Copyright © 2019, Fork Sand, Inc.
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## and
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that
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Jeff Moe
5 years ago