fs-ulx3s/README.md

# ULX3S PCB

ULX3S = University digital Logic Learning Xtensible
board release 3 with SDRAM, Successor of
[ULX2S](http://github.com/emard/ulx2s).

3D preview

![TOP](/pic/ulx3st.jpg)
![BOTTOM](/pic/ulx3sb.jpg)

[Manual](/doc/MANUAL.md).

This is a small (94x51 mm) standalone FPGA board 
for education, research and general purpose, with a full 
featured selection of chips which I all wanted on
a low-cost PCB, but haven't found on the market.
It's open source and open hardware because if it is
good for our development on
[f32c](http://github.com/f32c/f32c) SOC,
it should be also good to other projects.

ULX3S will carry all digital logic on our research, education and 
makerspace projects in next 5 years.

ULX3S is standalone embeddable gadget with onboard display, buttons,
storage, WiFi and compatible connectors.

ULX3S can do things no other board can.

ULX3S can self-reflash with a bitstream sent
remotely from web interface over WiFi or from SD
card browsed by onboard OLED display and buttons.

ULX3S can completely power down and wakeup from
battery backed RTC.

ULX3S has rich range of chips and connectivity
required for many other open source projects:
SDRAM, USB, PS/2, SDCARD, HDMI, FLASH, RTC, I2C, OLED, AUDIO, ADC,
onboard FM/ASK antenna 88-433.92 MHz and 56 GPIO pins which
are all routed as differential pairs and have pinout that
is PMOD compatible.

ULX3S is sufficiently equipped to emulate 
[Amiga](https://github.com/emard/Minimig_ECS) retro computer and
run its games, but can do much more.

[Schematics](/doc/schematics.pdf) and PCB are done in open source KiCAD PCB editor:

    kicad ulx3s.pro

[PCB v1.7](/pic/ulx3st-real.jpg) is produced.
Important board features are tested and work like
USB-JTAG, SDRAM, SDCARD, HDMI, FLASH, RTC, I2C, OLED, AUDIO, ADC, 433.92MHz
US2 can be used to plug USB-PS/2 combo keyboard but US2 feature as USB 
host/device is not tested.
There are known issues, luckily most can be fixed by
[Upgrading PCB v1.7](/doc/pcb-v1.7-upgrade.md).


# Features

FPGA: Lattice ECP5 LFE5U-45F-6BG381C

USB: FTDI FT231XS (300kbit JTAG and 3Mbit USB-serial)

GPIO: 56 pins (28 differential pairs), PMOD-friendly

RAM: 32MB SDRAM MT48LC16M16

Flash: 4MB SPI Flash IS25LP032D for FPGA config

Storage: Micro-SD slot

LEDs: 11 (8 blink-LEDs, 2 USB LEDs, 1 WiFi LED)

Buttons: 7 (4 direction, 2 fire, 1 power button)

Audio: 3.5 mm jack with 4 contacts (analog stereo + digital audio or composite video)

Video: GPDI connector with 3.3V-5V I2C bidirectional level shifter

Display: placeholder for 0.96" SPI COLOR OLED

WiFi+bluetooth: placeholder for ESP-32 (Standalone JTAG web interface over WiFi)

ADC: 8 channels, 8 bit, 1 MSa/s MAX11123

Power: 3 Switching voltage regulators: 1.1V, 2.5V, 3.3V

Clock: 25 MHz onboard, external differential clock input

Low power sleep: RTC clock wakeup, power button, 32768 Hz quartz and battery


GPDI is General Purpose Differential Interface,
Electrically LVDS, mostly TMDS tolerant
female receptacle more-or-less compatible
with digital monitors/TVs


# Todo

Test the prototype.

    [x] Silkscreen Double outline for BGA chip
    [x] Silkscreen do not write over the solder pads
    [ ] Silkscreen BGA names on ESP32 placeholder and 2.54 mm headers
    [x] Silkscreen JTAG signal names on 6-pin 2.54 mm header
    [x] Silkscreen remove OLED outline
    [x] Solder stop mask must go inbetween all SMD chip pads
    [x] External differential clock input at J1_33 +/-
    [x] physically sprinkle VCC blocator capacitors under BGA
    [ ] Values on silkscreen
    [x] Dedicated antenna pin
    [x] onboard 433 antenna
    [x] 433 remove GND and silkscreen test point
    [x] Resistors for LEDs
    [x] Move USB LEDs from bottom to top side
    [x] Improve SDRAM routing - use VIAs for closest pins
    [x] Increase thickness of power lines (5V, 3.3V, 2.5V)
    [x] Compile a f32c bitstream using the schematics
    [x] Compile differential GPDI output
    [x] Connect more lines from ESP-32 to FPGA
    [x] Connect FPGA USB D+/D- with 1.5k pullup in USB 1.1 (full speed) mode
    [x] FPGA USB add 27 ohm + 3.6 V zener
    [x] Symmetrically place USB connectors left-right 
    [ ] Jumpers to switch 2.5V/3.3V for left IO banks
    [x] External JTAG header
    [x] Move JTAG 2 mm left
    [x] Move WiFi Disable jumper closer to the BTN1 (angled header)
    [x] Sprinkle 2.2uF capacitors on power lines
    [x] Spice simulation of power-up/shutdown network
    [x] 27ohm D+/D- to FT231XS
    [x] DIP switch (4 switches)
    [x] MAX11123 ADC SPI
    [x] I2C for RTC
    [x] main usb connector on top side 
    [x] space screw to other parts
    [x] move battery away from screw hole
    [x] top layer GND fill
    [x] R25 move away from oled screw hole
    [ ] board cut off notches inisde for space saving
    [x] DIP switch to the right near RAM
    [x] Move HDMI a bit closer to OLED
    [x] 32768Hz oscillator footprint
    [x] SD card footprint SCHD3A0100
    [x] center the SD footprint for T&R
    [x] SD connect GND (thin pins)
    [x] move USB 0.5-1mm more out
    [x] DIP SW footprint correct
    [x] AUDIO jack footprint fits
    [x] AUDIO jack pin 4 (ring2) connected to 4-bit DAC
    [x] BTN footprint too small
    [x] SMPS jumpers default OFF for prototype testing
    [x] FPGA DONE to ESP-32
    [x] Diodes manual soldering
    [x] R56: FT231X rev A,B,C TXDEN to GND
        workaround from TN140_FT231X Errata
    [x] PCB for LFE5UM ready (some GND will change to
        VCC for Serdes power supply, see LFE5U->LFE5UM
        migration docs)
    [x] Check GND/VCC for 45 and 85 packages,
        for example pin T11 is NC on 25U, GND on 85U and VCC ond 85UM
    [x] Reconnect WIFI_OFF so that jumper has priority
    [x] 25MHz oscillator: needs clearance from LEDs, move under USB1
    [x] connect SHUTDOWN to FPGA
    [ ] ESP-32: GPIO12 at boot selects internal flash voltage,
        it is connected to J1_27+ and wrong pullup/pulldown at boot
        will prevent ESP32 from booting
    [x] ESP-32: won't boot when SD connected. Don't solder it at PCB v1.7
        It is routed differently in newer release
        Arduino->Examples->ESP32->SD_MMC_Test
        https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/examples/storage/sd_card/README.md
        moved blue LED from GPIO2 to GPIO5
    [x] I2C resistors increased 470->2.2k
    [ ] GPDI series C=100nF to each differential line.
    [x] reliable shutdown (D11=RED LED, R4=4.7k)
    [x] SDRAM raster back to 0.8 mm
    [x] connect SPI Flash Quad Mode (QSPI)
    [x] allow powering the board without powering FTDI chip
    [ ] reverse D9 at US2 to draw power from usb instead of provide it
    [x] micro USB extended pads for Handsoldering (already were extended)
    [x] move 25MHz oscillator away from USB connector for handsoldering
    [x] schematics gpio J..+- pins renamed to gp/gn for easier readability
    [ ] Make BOM outputtable from PCB->Files->Fabrication Outputs->BOM file
    [ ] route 16-channel ADC
    [x] move 8 LEDs a bit down and right
    [x] let SD_CLK go to FPGA clock capable pin: swap SD_CLK and SD_D2 pins 
    [x] additional 2 differential lines for US2
    [x] additional US2 pins for pullup 1.5k
    [x] additional US2 pins for pull up-down 15k
    [x] unified US2 pullup/down: resistor-diode nework for pullup 1.5k and pulldown 15k
    [x] clear silkscreen mess with Cx under FPGA
    [ ] Connect switching power supply jumpers
    [ ] every 1-2 seconds there are clicks at analog audio output
    [ ] check voltage
    [ ] check for output conflicts
    [ ] power decoupling capacitors for ESP32 and OLED
    [ ] AC-coupling 100nF capacitors for GPDI
        HPD line (HEAC-) may return 5V to FPGA!